In this article:
When Labour Induction Is Recommended
Induction is used to start labour when continuing the pregnancy may pose risks. Your doctor will suggest it after assessing your cervix, baby’s growth, and your overall health. Common reasons include:- Post-term pregnancy: When you pass 41–42 weeks, the placenta may start ageing, reducing oxygen supply to the baby.
- Medical complications: Conditions like gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, or diabetes may make early delivery safer.
- Premature rupture of membranes (PROM): When your water breaks but contractions don’t start within 24 hours, infection risk rises.
- Foetal concerns: If growth slows or amniotic fluid levels drop.
- Stillbirth risk factors: In some high-risk cases, induction can help prevent complications.
1. Membrane Sweep: The Gentle First Step
A membrane sweep (or stretch and sweep) is often the first step before medical induction.Your doctor or midwife inserts a gloved finger through your cervix and gently sweeps around the membranes separating the amniotic sac from the uterine wall. This action releases prostaglandins, natural hormones that help soften the cervix and may trigger contractions within 24–48 hours.
What to expect:
- Mild cramping or spotting for a few hours
- Some discomfort during the procedure
- Labour starting naturally within a day or two (though not always)
Safety: It’s generally safe for low-risk pregnancies but not recommended if your membranes have ruptured or you have placenta previa.
2. Prostaglandins: Preparing the Cervix
If a sweep doesn’t work, the next step often involves prostaglandins, the hormones that ripen (soften and dilate) your cervix. In hospitals, these are given as a gel, tablet, or pessary (inserted near the cervix).How it works:
Prostaglandins help your cervix become soft and thin, allowing it to open gradually. Sometimes they trigger contractions strong enough to start labour without further medication.
What you may feel:
- Cramping similar to period pain
- Occasional tightening or mild contractions
- A warm sensation, if given as a gel
Risks and side effects:
- Overstimulation (contractions too close together)
- Nausea or diarrhoea
- Rarely, foetal distress requiring an emergency caesarean
- Prostaglandin induction is one of the most common and evidence-supported methods in Indian hospitals.
3. Foley Catheter: Mechanical Cervical Ripening
When hormonal methods aren’t suitable, especially in women with previous caesareans or when avoiding prostaglandins, the Foley catheter offers a mechanical alternative.A small balloon-tipped tube is inserted through your cervix and inflated with sterile water. The balloon presses gently against the cervix, encouraging it to open gradually.
Advantages:
- Low risk of uterine overstimulation
- Useful when prostaglandins are contraindicated (like prior C-section)
- Can be combined with oxytocin later
What you might feel:
- Mild pressure or discomfort
- Spotting or mucus discharge
- The catheter often falls out once your cervix is dilated to 3–4 cm
4. Oxytocin Drip (Syntocinon): Triggering Active Labour
Once your cervix is favourable, either naturally or after ripening, your doctor may start an oxytocin drip (also known as Syntocinon). Oxytocin is a hormone that stimulates uterine contractions, similar to what your body produces naturally.Procedure: You’ll have an intravenous (IV) line through which oxytocin is infused. The dosage is gradually increased until contractions are regular and effective.
Monitoring: Continuous foetal heart rate monitoring ensures your baby tolerates the contractions well.
Possible sensations:
- Stronger, more frequent contractions than natural labour
- Need for pain relief, such as an epidural or gas
Risks:
- Uterine hyperstimulation (too-frequent contractions)
- Rare risk of uterine rupture (especially if prior C-section)
- Water intoxication with prolonged high doses
5. Artificial Rupture of Membranes (ARM): Breaking the Waters
Sometimes, if your cervix is already slightly dilated, your obstetrician may perform an artificial rupture of membranes, also called an amniotomy.A sterile instrument is used to make a small opening in the amniotic sac, allowing the fluid to drain. This release of pressure encourages contractions and increases the effect of oxytocin if given later.
What you’ll notice:
- A gush of warm fluid
- Contractions often begin soon after
- Continuous foetal monitoring follows
6. Ayurvedic and Natural Induction Practices
In traditional Indian medicine, gentle approaches are used to prepare the body for labour once full term (after 38 weeks) is reached.Common Ayurvedic methods include:
- Abhyanga (oil massage): Using warm sesame oil on the lower back and abdomen to relax muscles and improve circulation.
- Mild herbal formulations: Such as Jeerakadyarishta or Dashamoola kwath, are prescribed under supervision to tone the uterus.
- Prenatal yoga and deep breathing: Especially squats, butterfly pose, and alternate nostril breathing to promote pelvic relaxation.
- Dietary adjustments: Warm ghee, dates, and cumin to enhance digestion and encourage energy balance.
What to Expect During and After Induction
Induction often takes longer than spontaneous labour. It can be physically and emotionally demanding, especially if several steps are required.What helps:
- Bring comfort aids: A pillow, a water bottle, music, or your partner’s support.
- Stay mobile: Gentle walking and upright positions can improve contraction efficiency.
- Eat light meals: Before active labour starts, as you may not be allowed solids later.
- Ask questions: Understanding each stage can reduce anxiety.
Risks and When Induction Should Be Avoided
Doctors weigh several factors before deciding on induction. It’s not recommended if:- You have placenta previaThe baby is in an abnormal position (breech or transverse)
- You’ve had major uterine surgery incompatible with labour
- The foetus shows distress before labour begins
Induction of labour bridges nature and medicine. Each method, whether a simple sweep or a hormone drip, is designed to support your body, not control it. While the process can feel medicalised, it remains deeply human: a coordinated effort to bring your baby safely into the world. In India, both modern obstetrics and traditional wisdom recognise that every birth journey is unique. Trust your care team, ask questions, and give yourself grace as your labour unfolds in its own time.
Whether you’re pregnant, a new mom, or navigating postpartum, you don’t have to do it alone. Join our support group to connect, share, and support one another.
FAQs on Your Guide to Labour Induction: Medical Procedures and Ayurvedic Support
- Is labour induction painful?
It can be more intense than spontaneous labour because contractions build faster. Pain relief options like an epidural, gas, or breathing techniques can help. - How long does induction take?
It varies from a few hours to more than a day, depending on your cervix’s readiness and the method used. - Can I refuse induction?
Yes. You can discuss your concerns and request more monitoring before deciding. However, if medical risks are significant, your doctor will explain why induction may be necessary. - Are natural methods like walking or nipple stimulation effective?
Sometimes mild activity or nipple stimulation can encourage contractions, but these work only if your body is already near readiness. Always check with your doctor first.