In this article:
- Spina Bifida Occulta: Mild, often found incidentally during scans.
- Meningocele: Fluid that pushes through a small gap in the spine.
- Myelomeningocele: The most serious form, where part of the spinal cord is exposed.
Risk Factors of Spina Bifida
The main risk factor of spina bifida isn’t always clear. It’s often a combination of factors like genetics, nutrition, and environment. Common risk factors include:- Low levels of folate or folic acid intake before and during pregnancy.
- Family history of neural tube defects.
- Certain epilepsy or diabetes medications.
- Uncontrolled diabetes or obesity before conception.
- Low vitamin B12 and a poor diet can be related.
How Common Is Spina Bifida in India?
Studies suggest that two to four babies per 1,000 births in India are affected by spina bifida in newborns. That’s higher than in countries with folic acid fortification programmes. However, awareness about folic acid and antenatal screening can significantly reduce the number of babies born with spina bifida in India.How to Prevent Spina Bifida in Newborns?
Did you know the most encouraging part? Most cases of spina bifida can be prevented.Doctors usually recommend taking 400 micrograms of folic acid every day, initially starting one month before conception and continuing through the first trimester. Nonetheless, if you’ve had a previous pregnancy affected by a neural tube defect, your doctor may recommend a higher dose of 5 mg.
Folate sources naturally help prevent spina bifida. Add more spinach, lentils, citrus fruits, and fortified cereals to your diet. If you have diabetes or take medication regularly, consult your doctor before conceiving.
Early Detection During Pregnancy
Early detection gives families time to plan and prepare. Spina bifida is usually detected through:- Mid-trimester ultrasound (18–22 weeks): identifies spinal and cranial abnormalities.
- The maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) test checks for markers of neural tube defects.
- Foetal MRI: confirms the diagnosis when needed.
Numerous Treatment Alternatives in India
There are now several contemporary treatments available in India for babies born with spina bifida. Physicians and surgeons work closely to ensure that every newborn receives the best care possible from the start.- Neonatal Surgery: Within 48 hours of the baby's birth, neonatal surgery takes place. During this procedure, doctors carefully close the baby's back opening to protect the spinal cord and reduce the risk of infection. It's a careful, time-sensitive procedure that improves the likelihood of your baby's recovery and helps protect their nerves from further damage.
- Hydrocephalus Condition Management: Most of the babies with spina bifida develop hydrocephalus, a condition in which fluid accumulates around the brain. To manage this, doctors insert a tiny tube called a shunt, which allows the liquid to drain safely. As your baby grows older, this helps the brain to develop and function normally by relieving pressure on it.
- Physiotherapy and Long-Term Care: While rehabilitation is essential, therapies like occupational therapy help them move and play independently, while physiotherapy boosts their strength and mobility.
- Foetal Surgery (Another Option Emerging): Some hospitals, abroad and now a few in India, perform foetal surgery to repair spina bifida before birth. Though complex, it can improve outcomes in select cases.
Living with Spina Bifida in Newborns
Life with spina bifida in newborns may begin with uncertainty, but it’s filled with resilience. Many children go to school, make friends, and participate in sports. Some children attend school, make new friends, and take part in sports. With proper care, consistent therapy, and strong family support, they rise above. Support groups like the Spina Bifida Association of India offer counselling and connect families for guidance. However, the journey may be different, but it’s not without joy.Finding the Right Care
If your baby is diagnosed with spina bifida in newborns:- Ask for a referral to a tertiary hospital with paediatric neurosurgery.
- Choose a multidisciplinary team of neonatologists, physiotherapists, urologists, and counsellors.
- Keep track of appointments and progress.
- Join support groups for advice and comfort.
If you're the one who is planning a pregnancy, consult your doctor about folic acid today. One small step can protect your baby's future permanently!
Whether you’re pregnant, a new mom, or navigating postpartum, you don’t have to do it alone. Join our support group to connect, share, and support one another.
FAQs on Spina Bifida in Newborns: Causes, Early Detection & Treatment Options in India
- Can the spina bifida condition in newborns be detected during pregnancy?
Yes. Ultrasound scans and AFP blood tests between 18 and 22 weeks can identify it early. - Can it be prevented?
Most cases can be prevented by taking folic acid before and during early pregnancy. - What treatments are available in India?
Spina bifida can be treated in major hospitals with neonatal surgery, physical therapy, and rehabilitation. - Will my child be able to walk?
Many children with spina bifida can walk with therapy and mobility aids. - Can my child live an everyday life?
Yes. With the proper care, children with spina bifida can live happily and independently.
