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Do’s and Don’ts of Infant Nutrition: What Every Parent Should Know

ByTarin Hussain
Updated: 14 Jan 2026, 10:00 am
Medically Reviewed by Dr. Seema Sharma, Associate Director – Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Cloudnine Group of Hospitals

The first year of a baby’s life is full of rapid changes and exciting milestones. Babies grow really fast during this time; most double their birth weight by around 6 months, and triple it by the time they turn 1. Making sure they get the right nutrition during this period helps them grow strong, stay healthy, and sets them up for a lifetime of good health!

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Feeding a baby is one of the most important tasks a parent does every day, but it’s also one of the trickiest. In the first year of life, babies grow and change at an incredible pace. And all of this rapid growth needs proper fuel. But let’s be honest, figuring out what to feed a baby can be confusing. There’s so much advice out there, and sometimes it feels like everyone has a different opinion. When should solids begin? Is the formula okay, or only breast milk? How do you ensure they’re getting the right nutrients? These are the questions every parent faces, and it’s normal to feel a bit unsure.
But the positive part is that by following some simple, practical guidelines, you can give your baby a healthy start without stress.
In this article:

What Nutrients Does Your Baby Need in the First Year?

Your baby’s first year is all about rapid growth: physically, mentally, and emotionally. To support this development, their body relies on a variety of essential nutrients. In the early months, breast milk or formula naturally provides most of these building blocks. As solids are introduced, your baby gradually starts receiving nutrients from food as well.
Take a look at the most important ones:
  • Calcium: Helps build strong bones and teeth.
  • Fat: Provides energy, supports brain development, keeps skin and hair healthy, and strengthens immunity.
  • Folate: Essential for cell division and overall growth.
  • Iron: Supports healthy blood cell formation and boosts brain function.
  • Zinc: Aids tissue repair, growth, and immune health.
  • Carbohydrates: The primary source of energy for active growth.
  • Protein: Supports muscle development and helps repair body tissues.
  • Vitamin A: Strengthens immunity and supports healthy vision, skin, and hair.
  • B Vitamins (B1, B2, B3, B6, B12): Convert food into energy, support the nervous system, and help maintain healthy blood.
  • Vitamin C: Strengthens bones and muscles and boosts immunity.
  • Vitamin D: Helps absorb calcium for strong bones and teeth. Breastfed babies often need a supplement.
  • Vitamin E: Protects cells and supports immune function.
  • Vitamin K: Helps blood clot properly and prevents excessive bleeding.

Is Formula a Safe and Nutritious Alternative to Breast Milk?

When breast milk isn’t an option, infant formula steps in as the next best choice. It is designed to closely resemble the nutritional profile of breast milk, offering a safe and balanced option for healthy growth. Most formulas are made from cow’s milk and then fortified with additional nutrients to support your baby’s development in the first year.
Today’s formulas often include added components to support immunity and digestion:
  • Nucleotides: Aid immune function and digestive system maturity.
  • Prebiotics and probiotics: Encourage healthy gut bacteria, improve digestion, and help protect against infections.

How Much Milk Does Your Baby Need in the Early Months?

Your baby’s feeds naturally adjust to their hunger cues, like rooting, sucking motions, or a bit of fussing, which are all their way of saying, “I’m ready to eat.” Responding to these signals helps keep them comfortable.
Here’s how feeding generally works for breastfed and formula-fed babies:
  • Breastfed babies: Breastfeeding works best when done on demand. In the first 2 months, most babies feed 8 to 12 times a day, often every 2 to 3 hours, because breast milk digests quickly.
  • Formula-fed babies: Formula keeps babies full for a slightly longer time, so they usually feed 6 to 10 times a day.

What To Avoid When Feeding Babies Under 6 Months?

To protect your baby’s delicate digestive system, avoid the following in the early months:
  • Juice or other sweetened drinks: They lack essential nutrients and may upset your baby’s tummy.
  • Plain cow’s milk: Not suitable for babies under 12 months and can cause digestive issues or allergies.
  • Solids: Introducing them too early can increase the risk of choking or tummy upset.
  • Water: Not needed in the first months, as breast milk or formula provides full hydration.

When Is Your Baby Ready to Start Solid Foods?

Introducing solids becomes much easier when you know what signs to look for. Most babies start showing these cues between 4 and 6 months. But for many families, 6 months ends up being the most comfortable and recommended point.
You might notice your baby trying to:
  • Sit with a little support
  • Keeping their head steady
  • Reaching out for anything you’re holding
  • Bringing objects straight to their mouth
These small behaviours tell you that their body is getting ready for more than just milk.
When you begin solids, think of them as an addition, not a replacement. Breast milk or formula still remains your baby’s main source of nourishment until around their first birthday.


Which Foods Should Babies Avoid in the First Year?

It’s tempting to share everything with your baby, but certain foods can be risky at this stage:
  • Honey: Can cause botulism (nerve paralysis) in babies under 12 months, so it should be saved for later.
  • High-salt or sugary foods: Babies’ kidneys are still developing and can’t handle excess salt or sugar.
  • Packaged or processed purees: Often contain additives or preservatives.
  • Raw or undercooked meats, eggs, and seafood: Carry a risk of foodborne illnesses that babies are particularly vulnerable to.
  • Unpasteurised dairy: Can contain harmful bacteria, so stick to pasteurised options only.
Following the right dos and don’ts helps make sure your baby gets the nutrition they need for healthy growth and development. What really matters is being present and paying attention to your little one’s needs.

FAQs on Do’s and Don’ts of Infant Nutrition: What Every Parent Should Know

  1. Can I add spices or seasonings to my baby’s food?
    It’s best to avoid added salt, sugar, and strong spices in the first year.
  2. Is it okay to mix breast milk and formula in the same bottle?
    Yes, it’s safe to mix them if needed. But prepare it fresh each time and follow hygiene guidelines to avoid contamination.
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