What Causes Newborn Jaundice After a Difficult Delivery

After a delivery, your newborn may face unexpected health issues, including jaundice. This yellowing of the skin and eyes occurs when bilirubin, a substance produced during red blood cell breakdown, builds up in the body. Understanding the causes, risk factors, and early signs of jaundice after a difficult birth helps you respond quickly and support your baby’s health and well-being.

Pregatips
Welcoming your baby is an exciting moment, but sometimes complications during delivery can make the first days more stressful. One common concern after a birth is newborn jaundice, which affects around 60% of full-term and 80% of preterm babies. Jaundice occurs when your baby’s liver is still developing and cannot efficiently process bilirubin, a substance produced during the breakdown of red blood cells. While usually temporary, monitoring bilirubin levels is essential to prevent complications and ensure your baby stays healthy.
Let’s explore what causes it, why it matters, and what you can do to keep your newborn safe.


What Exactly Is Newborn Jaundice?


Jaundice happens when your baby’s skin or the whites of their eyes take on a yellowish tint because of high bilirubin levels in the blood. Bilirubin is a yellow pigment that forms naturally when red blood cells break down. Normally, the liver helps process and remove bilirubin from the body. However, in newborns, especially right after birth, the liver may still be immature and not clear it efficiently enough.

In many babies, this type of jaundice is mild and goes away on its own within a week or two. But after a difficult or prolonged delivery, your baby might be at a higher risk of developing more significant jaundice.

This can happen if there was bruising during birth, a vacuum or forceps were used, factors that can lead to increased red blood cell breakdown and, in turn, higher bilirubin levels. In such cases, close monitoring and timely medical care help ensure your baby’s bilirubin levels stay within a safe range.


How Can a Difficult Delivery Lead to Jaundice?


A challenging birth can involve stress on the baby, trauma, or oxygen deprivation, which may contribute to jaundice in several ways:

  • Bruising or blood breakdown – If your baby has bruising from a prolonged or instrument-assisted delivery, more red blood cells may break down, producing extra bilirubin
  • Premature birth or delayed liver function – Babies born early or under stress may have livers that are not fully ready to process bilirubin
  • Maternal blood incompatibility – In some cases, if your blood type differs from the baby’s (like Rh incompatibility), extra red blood cell breakdown can occur


What Are the Warning Signs You Should Look For?


Jaundice usually develops 2–4 days after birth. Keep an eye out for:

  • Yellowing of the skin starting at the head and moving downward
  • Yellowing of the whites of the eyes
  • Poor feeding or difficulty sucking
  • Lethargy or unusual sleepiness
  • Dark urine or pale stools
If you notice these signs, it’s important to contact your paediatrician promptly.


When Is Jaundice Serious?


Most cases of jaundice resolve on their own or with simple treatments like phototherapy. However, severe or untreated jaundice can lead to kernicterus, a rare form of brain damage. Seek immediate medical attention if:

  • Yellowing spreads rapidly or deepens in colour
  • Palms and soles are yellow
  • Your baby is unusually sleepy or difficult to wake
  • Feeding is poor, or vomiting occurs
  • High-pitched crying or arching of the body is noticed


How Is Jaundice Treated After a Delivery?


Treatment depends on the severity of bilirubin buildup:

  1. Phototherapy – Your baby is placed under special lights that help break down bilirubin
  2. Feeding support – Frequent feeding, especially breastfeeding, helps the liver naturally remove bilirubin
  3. Exchange blood transfusions – Rarely needed for very high bilirubin levels or underlying conditions
Your healthcare team will monitor bilirubin levels daily, ensuring your baby is safe and improving.


Practical Steps You Can Take at Home


Even after discharge, you can support your baby’s recovery and prevent jaundice complications by:

  • Feed your baby frequently (every 2–3 hours) to help clear bilirubin
  • Monitor skin and eye colour daily under natural light
  • Avoid unnecessary supplements unless advised by your paediatrician
  • Keep follow-up appointments for bilirubin checks
  • Support skin-to-skin contact to boost feeding and bonding
A difficult delivery followed by jaundice can be emotionally taxing. Feeling anxious or guilty is normal, but remember: you’re helping your baby recover by staying alert and following medical guidance.

Encourage your partner or family to help with feedings, diaper changes, and emotional support. This teamwork not only helps your baby but also strengthens your confidence and bonding experience.


What To Do Next: Quick Checklist


  • Watch for early jaundice signs daily
  • Feed your baby frequently and ensure proper latching
  • Keep all follow-up pediatric appointments
  • Contact your doctor if jaundice worsens
  • Seek emotional support if stress or anxiety feels overwhelming.
Newborn jaundice after a difficult delivery is common, but with careful monitoring, early recognition, and timely medical care, it is usually manageable. Understanding the causes, signs, and treatments empowers you to act quickly, protect your baby’s health, and foster a smooth transition during the critical first days of life.

It’s important to watch for yellowing of the skin or eyes, unusual sleepiness, or feeding difficulties. Prompt communication with your healthcare team ensures your baby receives the right care, reduces complications, and helps you feel more confident in your role as a parent during this sensitive period.

Whether you’re pregnant, a new mom, or navigating postpartum, you don’t have to do it alone. Join our support group to connect, share, and support one another.

FAQs on What Causes Newborn Jaundice After A Difficult Delivery

  1. Can jaundice appear immediately after birth?
    Yes, in some cases, especially with blood incompatibility or birth trauma, jaundice can appear within the first 24 hours and should be evaluated promptly.
  2. Is breastfeeding safe if my baby has jaundice?
    Absolutely. Frequent breastfeeding helps reduce bilirubin levels, but always follow your paediatrician’s guidance if supplementation is needed.
  3. How long does newborn jaundice usually last?
    Mild jaundice often resolves within 1–2 weeks, while babies with higher bilirubin may require a bit longer under medical care.
Disclaimer: Medically approved by Dr Abhishek Chopra, Senior Consultant - Paediatrician and Neonatologist at Cloudnine Group of Hospitals, New Delhi, Punjabi Bagh