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Flat Head in Babies: Plagiocephaly, Brachycephaly and Dolichocephaly Explained for Parents

ByDiwanshu Dika
Updated: 29 Jan 2026, 3:30 pm
Medically Reviewed by Dr. N Sapna Lulla, Lead Consultant – Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Aster CMI Hospital

Flat head shapes in babies, including plagiocephaly, brachycephaly, and dolichocephaly, are familiar and usually manageable. Understanding the causes, recognising early signs, and practising simple prevention strategies, such as tummy time, varied head positions, and proper feeding techniques, helps parents support healthy skull development and overall infant growth.

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Have you noticed a flattening or change in your baby’s head shape and wondered if it is something to worry about? Many parents notice differences in head shape during the first year of life, especially as babies spend more time lying on their backs. In most cases, these changes are harmless and can improve with simple care.
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A baby’s skull is naturally soft and flexible to support brain growth, but this softness also makes it more sensitive to repeated pressure. As a result, changes in head shape can develop gradually and may look worrying at first.

Let’s discuss why flat head shapes occur, the types, and the tips to improve flat head shape, which can help parents recognise what is normal and when to seek medical advice.

What Is a Flat Head in Babies?

A flat head in babies refers to the change in the natural, rounded shape of an infant’s skull. During early life, a baby’s skull stays soft and flexible to allow rapid brain growth and to help the head pass safely through the birth canal. This flexibility is normal and essential for healthy development, but it also means the skull can change shape when pressure repeatedly affects the same area.

When a baby spends long periods lying in one position, gentle but constant pressure can gradually flatten part of the head. These changes usually appear within the first few months of life, when babies have limited head control and movement. As babies grow stronger, begin to move more, and spend less time lying on their backs, the head shape often improves naturally with simple care and repositioning.

What are the Types of Flat Head Shapes in Babies?

Several types of flat head shapes can occur in babies, depending on where pressure on the skull is applied. Understanding these patterns helps parents recognise changes early and take appropriate steps.
  • Plagiocephaly
Plagiocephaly causes flattening on one side of the back of the head, leading to an uneven or asymmetrical appearance. Babies often develop this condition when they regularly turn their head to the same side during sleep or rest. In some cases, the face may appear slightly uneven, but brain development usually remains unaffected.

  • Brachycephaly
Brachycephaly results in flattening of the back of the head, giving the head a wider, shorter appearance. Babies who spend long periods lying on their backs commonly develop this pattern. However, the head may appear broader from the front; improved positioning and increased tummy time often help improve the shape.

  • Dolichocephaly
Dolichocephaly causes the head to appear longer and narrower from front to back. This shape occurs more often in premature babies or in those who lie on their sides for extended periods. When babies grow and change positions more frequently, the head shape usually improves naturally.

What Causes Flat Head Shapes in Babies?

Several everyday and developmental factors can influence how a baby’s head shape forms during the early months. Here are the causes of flat head shapes.

  • Limited Head Movement
  • Consistent Sleeping Position
  • Tight Neck Muscles (Torticollis)
  • Extended Time in Car Seats or Carriers
  • Premature Birth

Note: In most cases, flat head conditions do not affect brain growth or intellectual development. The skull shape changes due to external pressure, not because of problems with the brain itself. However, early medical attention is essential to prevent worsening asymmetry and to support healthy physical development.

How can parents prevent or Improve Flat Head Shapes?

Early intervention and simple daily practices can help prevent or improve flat head shapes in babies. Parents can use gentle, consistent strategies to reduce pressure on the skull and encourage natural head shaping as the baby grows.

  • Encourage Supervised Tummy Time
Placing the baby on their tummy while awake and supervised strengthens neck, shoulder, and back muscles. This reduces pressure on the back of the head and helps the baby learn to lift and turn their head. Start with short periods several times a day and gradually increase as the baby becomes stronger.

  • Alternate Head Positions During Sleep
Gently turning the baby’s head from side to side while sleeping can redistribute pressure. While always keeping the baby on their back for safe sleep, varying head positions help prevent flattening in one area.

  • Adjust Feeding Positions
Switching sides during bottle or breastfeeding sessions encourages the baby to turn their head both ways. Alternate positions help balance pressure on the skull and reduce the risk of developing a flat spot.
  • Limit Time in Car Seats, Swings, or Carriers
Reduce prolonged periods in positions that put pressure on the back of the head. Encourage the baby to lie on a soft, flat surface for playtime when awake, and only use carriers or seats for short durations.
  • Seek Professional Guidance When Needed
If flattening persists or appears severe, a healthcare professional may recommend physiotherapy, stretching exercises for tight neck muscles, or, in some cases, helmet therapy. Early guidance helps ensure effective management and better outcomes.

Note: Always consult a qualified healthcare provider for personalised assessment and guidance regarding your baby’s head shape and overall development.

Flat head shapes in babies are usually manageable and rarely harmful. With simple daily adjustments and regular check-ups, parents can support healthy head shape development and feel confident about their baby’s growth and well-being.

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FAQs on Flat Head in Babies: Plagiocephaly, Brachycephaly and Dolichocephaly Explained for Parents


  1. Is flat head syndrome common in babies?
    Yes, flat head shapes are common and often improve with simple care and growth.
  2. Does my baby need a helmet?
    Most babies do not need helmets. A healthcare professional can advise based on severity.
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