In this article:
Let’s discuss the most commonly used IVF medications to help you understand how they support your IVF cycle from start to finish.
Why are Medications Important in IVF?
IVF medications are the foundation of a successful treatment cycle. They stimulate the ovaries to produce multiple eggs, support proper egg maturation, and enable retrieval before natural ovulation.After fertilisation, hormonal support medications prepare the uterine lining for implantation and sustain early pregnancy development. Doctors select each drug based on hormone levels, age, ovarian reserve, treatment response, and overall health.
Because individuals respond to medications differently, specialists personalise prescriptions and closely monitor progress to ensure safety, effectiveness, and higher success rates.
What are the Types of IVF Medications and How Do They Work?
IVF treatment is a combination of prescribed medications, each carefully chosen to support egg development, prevent premature ovulation, assist in timely retrieval, and help the embryo implant successfully. Here are the key medication groups and how they function at different stages of the IVF process.● Ovarian Stimulation Medications
Ovarian stimulation drugs I.e., Gonadotropins, begin the IVF process. They encourage the ovaries to develop multiple eggs instead of just one, as happens in a natural cycle. Medicines such as recombinant FSH, HMG, or recombinant FSH support follicle growth and help eggs mature steadily. Producing more healthy eggs increases the chances of fertilisation and strong embryo development. Furthermore, doctors typically prescribe these medications for daily injections in a sequential regimen and closely monitor progress through blood tests and ultrasound scans. The timing of these daily injections and proper cold storage are crucial.
● Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone (GnRH) Agonists & Antagonists
During stimulation, doctors also prescribe medications that prevent early ovulation. GnRH agonists or antagonists such as Cetrorelix, Ganirelix, etc., suppress the body's LH surge. This prevents the eggs from being released prematurely, allowing doctors to control the timing and retrieve them at the right stage.If ovulation occurs early, doctors cancel the cycle, so these drugs act as an essential safeguard. They make sure the eggs remain in the follicles until the oocyte retrieval day.
● Trigger Shot for Egg Maturation
Once follicles reach the ideal size, typically after 10 to 12 days of stimulation, doctors administer a trigger injection to complete final egg maturation. This shot mimics the body's natural LH surge that triggers ovulation. Timing is crucial; patients usually receive the trigger 34-36 hours before egg retrieval. When timed correctly, the eggs reach optimal maturity, allowing doctors to collect them just before the body releases them itself.● Progesterone Support During the Luteal Phase
After egg retrieval, and especially after embryo transfer, progesterone plays a crucial role in stabilising the uterine lining and supporting safe embryo implantation. Furthermore, doctors give progesterone as injections, vaginal suppositories, gels, or oral tablets based on what suits the patient best. Many women continue progesterone support for several weeks if pregnancy begins, as it helps maintain a healthy early-pregnancy environment.● Additional Supportive Medications
Doctors may prescribe extra medications depending on a patient’s response and health needs. Low-dose aspirin can improve blood flow to the uterus, while estrogen supplements may help create a thicker and more receptive lining. In some situations, doctors may use antibiotics or steroids to reduce inflammation or prevent infection. These medications are not routine for everyone, but they strengthen the treatment plan when used appropriately.Note: Seek your doctor’s approval before using any medication to ensure it aligns with your treatment plan and does not cause unwanted health complications.
What To Do Next?
Once you understand your IVF medications, the next step is to use this knowledge wisely throughout your treatment. Here are practical actions to help you continue your journey with confidence.- Discuss your medication plan and medical history thoroughly with your fertility specialist.
- Clear all doubts regarding injections, dosage, timing, or side effects before starting.
- Follow your prescription consistently, as skipped doses may affect treatment outcomes.
- Attend all monitoring appointments for ultrasound reviews and hormone-level checks.
- If you experience unusual reactions or discomfort, reach out to your doctor immediately
- Never modify or stop medication on your own. Always take medical guidance first.
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FAQs on Common IVF Medications Explained: Stimulation, Trigger, and Support
- Can IVF medications cause side effects?
Yes, IVF medications can cause temporary side effects like bloating, mood changes, mild discomfort, or fatigue. Most reactions are manageable and improve after the stimulation phase. However, you should report severe pain, breathing difficulty, or rapid weight gain to your doctor immediately. - What happens if I miss a dose of my medication?
If you miss a dose, contact your IVF team immediately. Timing matters greatly in IVF, and missing medication can affect egg development or cycle progress. Do not take an extra dose or adjust your schedule without guidance. - Do IVF medicines increase the chances of multiple pregnancies?
IVF medications stimulate multiple follicles, so twin or triplet pregnancies can occur if more than one embryo is transferred. Doctors usually transfer a single high-quality embryo to reduce the risk unless medically advised otherwise.