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Hormones are considered chemical messengers because they give directions to various organs in your body and assist them in functioning properly. However, an imbalance of these chemical messengers can disrupt the entire flow of your body and cause severe conditions, such as PCOS and thyroid disorders, that can ultimately affect your fertility.
Hormonal Imbalances and Female Fertility: An Overview
Hormones instruct various organs of your body to perform certain functions and also help to commence these operations.They flow with your blood and reach various parts of your body, such as skin, organs, tissues or muscles. Hormones are extremely important for your body to function properly.
But how are hormones secreted?
Certain tissues called glands produce hormones. These chemical messengers and their glands form a complex network called the endocrine system.
Various functions in our body are regulated by hormones, such as metabolism, homeostasis, sexual functions, circadian cycle (sleep cycle), mood and reproductive health.
These elements also play a crucial role in female reproductive functions. They impact women's fertility drastically, as:
- For pregnancy to progress, hormones must instruct the body to move ahead with the development of the egg.
- The thickening of the endometrium or the release of the egg during ovulation is controlled by hormones.
- After successful fertilisation, the embryo moves for implantation.
Which Hormones Impact Women’s Fertility?
Various hormones work in harmony to carry out different functions in your body. Certain functions, such as regulating your menstrual cycle or maintaining your uterine health, are controlled by hormones. Some of the most common hormones that impact women’s fertility include:Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
- Secreted by: The Pituitary gland in your brain
- Function: Fertility and the menstrual cycle depend upon the production of this hormone. Along with the Luteinising Hormone (LH), this controls ovulation by overseeing the development of ovarian follicles. FSH also promotes oestrogen production, which is necessary for maintaining a healthy menstrual cycle and fertility.
Anti-Mullerian Hormone (AMH)
- Secreted by: Ovarian follicles
- Function: This hormone is helpful in sustaining immature eggs. Fertility clinics often measure the level of AMH to check women’s fertility health. Low levels of this hormone might be an indicator of fewer remaining eggs, but high levels of AMH might be a symptom of PCOS.
Luteinising Hormone (LH)
- Secreted by: The Pituitary gland in your brain.
- Function: This is a crucial pillar for regulating the menstrual cycle and ovarian health. FSH and LH work in pairs to control the release of eggs during ovulation. Imbalances in LH levels can lead to irregular cycles or complications with fertility.
Oestrogen
- Secreted by: Ovaries.
- Function: This hormone is crucial for a lot of aspects of fertility, such as ovulation, conception and pregnancy outcomes. During pregnancy, your endometrium prepares the uterus for implantation by thickening itself. This is controlled by oestrogen along with the development of the egg. You can go through irregular cycles because of low levels of oestrogen.
Progesterone
- Secreted by: Progesterone is produced by the corpus luteum, a temporary gland formed after ovulation.
- Function: This supports a woman's ability to conceive a baby and also helps with the menstrual cycle. Progesterone prepares the endometrium for possible implantation by stopping its development. This hormone is extremely crucial to sustaining pregnancy, and it’ll keep rising throughout the period.
Thyroid hormones
- Secreted by: The Thyroid gland at the base of your neck.
- Function: Uterine and ovarian functions are controlled by T3 and T4 hormones.
Prolactin
- Secreted by: Anterior pituitary gland.
- Function: The most prominent function of this hormone is the creation of breast milk. An imbalance in prolactin levels can lead to unhealthy ovarian functions and an irregular menstrual cycle.
Signs of Hormonal Imbalances in Women
Hormonal imbalances in women are evident, and addressing them in a timely manner is necessary. These abnormalities in the natural level of these chemical messengers depend upon which gland is causing them. The signs on your body might vary:Irregular periods
Lower libido
Sudden weight fluctuations
Infertility
Insomnia
Bloating
Mood swings
Effects of Hormonal Imbalances on Female Fertility
Hormonal imbalances affect female fertility severely. Two significant issues that arise with irregular levels of hormones in your body are:Disruption of ovulation
- Thyroid hormone problems
- Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)
Unhealthy luteal phase
Causes of Hormonal Imbalances in Women
Hormone levels can be unstable in your body, and that’s completely normal as hormones fluctuate by nature. So their levels are always rising and falling, whether it's at night or while waking up. There can be several reasons behind imbalances in hormone levels, and some of them are related to your age, while others depend on your lifestyle.Hormone levels change at different phases of your life
Pregnancy is highly influenced by reproductive hormones such as oestrogen and progesterone. Towards menopause, hormone levels usually drop.
Common cause of hormone fluctuation
The imbalances caused by these reasons are not to be worried about, as they can be managed by medication or a change in lifestyle.
Chronic hormone-related conditions
Treating Hormonal Imbalances in Women
The treatment of hormonal imbalances depends on the reason that's causing it. Some women might be facing conditions caused by low levels of hormones, while others might be facing excessive levels of hormones in their bodies.If the hormonal level is lower than normal
- Oral medication (pills): Hypothyroidism is caused due to low levels of thyroid hormone. Synthetic hormone pills can ensure replacement therapy for this condition.
- Injection medications: Low levels of growth hormone are managed with shots of synthetic growth hormone.
If the hormonal level is higher than normal
Sometimes, even a combination of these methods is used to treat the condition, such as for prolactinoma. This condition causes high levels of prolactin in your body and is treated with medication to minimise the benign tumour or surgery to remove it completely, depending upon the severity.
Changing lifestyle to treat hormonal imbalances
Prevention of Hormonal Imbalances
Hormonal imbalances cannot be cured, and the imbalances are persistent over time. However, certain practices can help you improve your health altogether and maintain a healthy level of hormones in your body.- Working out regularly and staying physically fit.
- Try to keep a healthy weight.
- Consume a balanced diet, packed with essential nutrients.
- Balancing stress and anxiety by doing activities such as meditation and yoga.
- Getting proper sleep.
- Refrain from smoking or drinking alcohol.
- Treating chronic health conditions that might influence your hormone levels.
However, hormonal levels can be restored through hormone therapy, following a healthy lifestyle and assisted reproductive technologies (ART). If you're facing a persistent irregular cycle, multiple miscarriages or struggling to conceive for over a year now, consulting a doctor is also advised.
FAQs on How Hormonal Imbalances Affect Female Fertility
- How to diagnose hormonal imbalances?
Healthcare professionals use several methods, such as blood tests, which are a common way to measure the levels of hormones like thyroid, progesterone, prolactin, LH, FSH and oestrogen. Ultrasound is also used to check the ovaries and the uterus. - Does it take a while for women to restore their hormonal levels?
There isn't a general standard for the restoration of hormonal levels, as it depends on person to person. Some women can recover quickly, while others might take longer than six months or a year. However, consistent treatment and monitoring of your hormone levels can be helpful.