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Oral Bacteria and PCOS: What Research Reveals

ByDiwanshu Dika
Updated: 19 Feb 2026, 8:30 am
Medically Reviewed by Dr. Aastha Gupta, Senior IVF Consultant & Fertility Expert, Delhi IVF

PCOS and oral health are more connected than most realise. Hormonal imbalance can fuel harmful oral bacteria, while gum disease can worsen inflammation and insulin resistance. Understanding the two-way link highlights the importance of holistic care, combining dental hygiene, lifestyle changes, and medical management to protect both oral and overall health.

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Have you ever wondered whether oral bacteria and hormone changes affect each other? Researchers now believe the oral health and the hormonal system are closely linked. Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a common condition in women where the body makes higher levels of male hormones. Such a hormonal imbalance may affect menstrual cycles, skin, weight, and fertility.
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Studies show that oral bacteria can make PCOS worse by releasing toxins into the bloodstream. These toxins increase inflammation and weaken the immune system, which may contribute to insulin resistance. Simultaneously, PCOS can raise harmful oral bacteria because hormonal imbalance and insulin resistance reduce the body’s natural ability to fight infection.
Together, these changes create a cycle in which both conditions may worsen one another. Let’s discuss what current research has to say about oral bacteria and PCOS.

What Do Clinical Researches Show?

Studies show that PCOS-related hormonal imbalance and inflammation affect gums, while oral bacteria can influence PCOS symptoms. Here are some of the key findings:
Evaluation of Periodontal Health Among Women with PCOS
  • A cross-sectional study conducted at Ragas Dental College (Chennai) assessed oral health among women with PCOS. It examined 60 women with PCOS (30 newly diagnosed, 30 on treatment). Women newly diagnosed with PCOS showed higher gum inflammation and periodontal breakdown compared to those on treatment. The study confirmed that untreated PCOS may lead to worse periodontal problems, highlighting the need for regular dental checkups.
Bridging PCOS and Periodontitis
  • A review article in the Asian Journal of Dental Sciences examined the association between PCOS and periodontal disease. Researchers found that hormonal imbalance, insulin resistance, and inflammation are associated with changes in oral bacteria in PCOS. It noted that around 5–15% of women worldwide with PCOS may show changes in oral bacteria and gum tissue breakdown.
PCOS and Periodontal Health (Manipal Academy Research)
  • Research conducted at Manipal College of Dental Sciences examined how PCOS affects periodontal inflammation. It compared 60 Indian women with PCOS to healthy women. It found significant differences in plaque index (PI), gingival inflammation (mGI), and bleeding gums in women with PCOS. Hormone and inflammation levels, like testosterone and malondialdehyde, were higher in women with PCOS. Gum inflammation was also associated with these higher levels of inflammation.
Periodontitis & PCOS Review (IP Int J Periodontol Implantol)
  • An Indian review examined the association between PCOS and periodontal disease, with a focus on the oral microbiome. The study showed that women with PCOS have a higher presence of harmful bacteria and increased inflammation in the gums. Researchers suggested that gum disease could worsen systemic inflammation and metabolic issues linked to PCOS.
Update on PCOS and Periodontal Disease
  • A review in the International Journal of Life Sciences reported that hyperandrogenism and insulin resistance in PCOS can alter the subgingival microbiota, leading to increased levels of pathogenic bacteria and an increased inflammatory burden in the gums. It also noted higher pro‑inflammatory markers, such as IL‑6 and other cytokines, in PCOS women with gum disease.
Possible Bi-Directional Link
  • Not only does PCOS make the mouth more prone to harmful bacteria, but gum disease can also raise overall body inflammation and insulin resistance. Research indicates a two-way relationship between PCOS and oral bacteria. Both conditions feed each other, creating a cycle that affects overall health.

How to Manage PCOS & Support Oral Health?

Managing PCOS and oral bacteria together can reduce inflammation, improve hormone balance, and protect gums. Here are the tips for PCOS and oral bacteria.
Maintain Good Oral Hygiene
  • Maintain a consistent oral care routine by brushing twice daily, flossing regularly, and using an antiseptic mouthwash. These practices remove harmful bacteria, prevent plaque buildup, and protect the gums from infection. Reducing oral inflammation may help you minimise systemic stress, which can worsen PCOS symptoms.
Regular Dental Checkups
  • Visit your dentist every six months for professional cleanings and examinations. Regular check-ups allow early detection of gum irritation, cavities, or infection before they progress. Prompt dental care prevents ongoing inflammation, which may contribute to insulin resistance and hormonal imbalance in women with PCOS.
Build Healthy Lifestyle Habits
  • Support your body with habits that strengthen the immune system and regulate hormones. Avoid smoking, limit alcohol consumption, maintain a balanced diet, and stay well hydrated. Incorporate regular exercise and stress-management practices, such as yoga or deep-breathing techniques. These lifestyle choices reduce inflammation, help balance hormones, and protect both oral and reproductive health.
Note: These tips are not a substitute for professional medical advice. Consult a qualified healthcare provider or dentist before making any changes to your lifestyle, including diet, exercise, or oral care.

What To Do Next?

  • Regularly track any changes in gums or oral health.
  • Record PCOS symptoms and note any oral issues.
  • Consult your doctor promptly if you notice any unusual oral or hormonal changes.
  • Examine the PCOS-oral health connection for improved awareness.
PCOS and oral bacteria interact closely, so managing both is essential for overall health. Managing hormones, maintaining gum health, and following a healthy lifestyle can prevent complications and improve well-being. Research suggests that healthy gums may support better PCOS management, and controlling PCOS, in turn, can improve oral health, highlighting the two-way relationship between them.


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FAQs on Oral Bacteria and PCOS: What Research Reveals


  1. Can stress worsen oral bacteria problems in PCOS?
    Yes, stress can increase inflammation and weaken the immune system, allowing harmful bacteria to grow faster.
  2. Is there a link between bad breath and PCOS?
    Yes, increased levels of harmful oral bacteria in PCOS can cause persistent bad breath (halitosis).
  3. What specific foods are better for oral health in PCOS?
    Consuming foods rich in calcium, vitamin C, and antioxidants helps strengthen gums and reduce inflammation.
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