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Fallopian tubes play a significant role in fertilisation when the sperm reaches the egg. The fertilisation process does not complete if these tubes are blocked, leading to conception issues.
Your doctor may suggest that you get a tubal patency test to check for blockages in the tubes. However, various tests can check this blockage, but the process is different for each one.
Understanding the types of tubal patency tests and what the procedure involves will help you go through them with confidence.
Hysterosalpingography (HSG)
HSG is an X-ray test in which a special dye is released through your cervix, and the images are formed as it flows into the uterus and fallopian tubes. Your doctor carefully assesses the flow of the dye as it passes through your fallopian tubes, which shows whether they are open.Pros of the HSG test
- Widely available: Most fertility clinics and hospitals offer HSG.
- Quick procedure: The test usually takes under half an hour.
- Gives clear images: Helps identify blockages, abnormal shapes of the uterus, and scar tissue.
- Might improve fertility: The dye can remove minor blockages, thus increasing your chances of pregnancy, in some cases.
Cons of the HSG test
- Can be painful: You may feel cramping during and after the test.
- Radiation exposure: Minimal, as it does involve X-rays.
- Possible allergic reaction: Rare, but the dye used might cause a reaction.
- Doesn’t show everything: It cannot check for other fertility issues like endometriosis or ovarian health.
Sonohysterography (Saline Infusion Sonography / SIS)
This test uses a saline (saltwater) solution that is gently injected into your uterus. An ultrasound then checks whether the fluid moves freely through the fallopian tubes.Pros of sonohysterography
- No radiation: It uses ultrasound instead of X-rays, making it a safer choice.
- Less painful: Causes less discomfort than HSG.
- Can detect uterine issues: Identifies polyps, fibroids, or scarring in the uterus.
- Simple and quick: Takes around 15–20 minutes and is usually done in an outpatient setting.
Cons of sonohysterography
- Not always accurate for tubes: It may not clearly show whether the tubes are fully open or partially blocked.
- May need follow-up: You may need an HSG or laparoscopy later, if this test is unclear.
- Limited availability: This test is not available in all clinics.
Hysterosalpingo-Contrast Sonography (HyCoSy)
This test is similar to the saline ultrasound but uses a contrast dye (usually a foam or bubble-based fluid) as a medium along with an ultrasound. It allows your doctor to check your fallopian tubes thoroughly.Pros of Hysterosalpingo-Contrast Sonography
- Safe and non-invasive: No radiation exposure.
- Comfortable: Better tolerated than HSG.
- Good accuracy: Can effectively show tubal patency.
- Quick recovery: You can resume normal activities soon after the procedure.
Cons of Hysterosalpingo-Contrast Sonography
- Limited view: It is good for only tubal patency, as it may not detect other pelvic conditions like endometriosis.
- Cost can be higher: It may be more expensive than a basic ultrasound, depending on where you get the test.
- Availability varies: Not all clinics have the equipment or expertise to perform this test.
Laparoscopy with Chromopertubation
This is a surgical procedure and is performed under the influence of anaesthesia. In laparoscopy, an incision is made in your abdomen for a small camera to pass through. Then, a coloured dye is released in your uterus to check if it flows through the fallopian tubes.Pros of laparoscopy
- Highly accurate: Considered the best for checking tubal health.
- Finds other issues: Detects and treats severe conditions like endometriosis, pelvic adhesions, or ovarian cysts in the same procedure.
- Treats while testing: Helps remove minor blockage immediately.
Cons of laparoscopy
- Invasive surgery: Requires anaesthesia and carries similar risks as any surgical procedure.
- Longer recovery: Needs you to rest for a few days to recover.
- Costly: It is more expensive than other tests.
- Not the first option: Usually reserved for cases when other test results are not clear or if you show signs of other pelvic issues.
How Do You Decide Which Test Is Right for You?
You may wonder which test is good for you out of the many available. However, this decision is made by your doctor after examining your condition. Several factors help decide the test, such as your age, medical history, symptoms, and when you started to conceive.HSG or HyCoSy tests are recommended when you are just starting your fertility journey.
Your doctor may suggest a laparoscopy when these tests remain inconclusive or in the presence of other pelvic issues to give you the best results.
FAQs on Which Test Is Best to Check If Your Tubes Are Open?
- Which tubal patency test is the most accurate?
Laparoscopy with chromopertubation is the most accurate test because it allows direct access to the fallopian tubes and also detects other hidden issues. However, this test is more invasive and costly. - Is it painful to get a tubal patency test done?
SIS or HyCoSy tests are better tolerated than HSG, which may cause discomfort during or after the test. Your doctor may suggest pain-relieving medicines before the procedure in such cases to help you feel at ease. - Can a tubal patency test improve my chances of getting pregnant?The HSG test uses a dye during the test that may clear minor blockages from the tube. Therefore, your chances of conceiving are higher shortly after this procedure.
