Understanding Fertility and When to Seek Fertility Help
In most cases, couples don’t need to see a doctor for fertility concerns until they’ve been trying to get pregnant for at least one year. However, there are situations where it’s important to seek help sooner. Certain early infertility signs may appear in women or men, indicating the need to see a doctor.Women should see a doctor if they:
- Are 35 or older and have been trying for six months without success
- Are over 40
- Have known fertility issues
- Have endometriosis
- Have a history of pelvic infections (like PID)
- Have very irregular, absent, or painful periods
- Have had more than one miscarriage
- Have undergone cancer treatments such as radiation or chemotherapy
Men should see a doctor if they:
- Have a low sperm count or sperm problems
- Have relatives with fertility problems
- Have a history of testicular, prostate, or sexual health issues
- Have had hernia surgery
- Have received chemotherapy in the past
- Have small testicles or swollen veins in the scrotum
- Have struggled with infertility with a previous partner
What Causes Difficulty Conceiving?
Getting pregnant depends on many steps happening correctly, from ovulation (release of the egg) to fertilisation (when sperm meets egg). Problems can happen in either partner, and sometimes no clear cause is found.In this article:
Causes in men may include:
- Low sperm count or poor sperm quality.
- Infections like chlamydia, gonorrhoea, mumps, or HIV.
- Blockages or injuries in the testicles.
- Sexual problems, such as premature ejaculation.
- Varicocele (enlarged veins in the scrotum).
- Long exposure to heat, chemicals, radiation, or certain medicines.
- Cancer treatment, such as chemotherapy or radiation.
Causes in women may include:
- Ovulation disorders such as PCOS, thyroid problems, or hormonal imbalances.
- Uterine conditions like fibroids, polyps, or an abnormal uterus shape.
- Blocked or damaged fallopian tubes, often due to pelvic infections.
- Endometriosis (tissue like the womb lining growing outside the womb).
- Primary ovarian insufficiency (early menopause before 40).
- Pelvic adhesions (scar tissue from infection, surgery, or endometriosis).
- Cancer and treatments such as chemotherapy or radiation.
What Are the Risk Factors for Difficulty Conceiving?
Some factors can make it harder for both men and women to conceive:- Age: Fertility declines with age. Women’s fertility drops sharply after 35, while men over 40 may have lower sperm quality and a higher risk of passing on genetic issues.
- Weight: Being overweight or obese can affect ovulation and semen quality. Being underweight or having eating disorders can also disrupt fertility.
- Smoking: Lowers fertility in both partners, reduces sperm quality, and raises miscarriage risk. Passive smoking can also affect the chances of conceiving.
- Alcohol: Women should avoid alcohol when trying to conceive. In men, heavy drinking can lower sperm count and movement.
- STIs: Infections like chlamydia or gonorrhoea can damage reproductive organs.
- Exercise: Too little exercise can lead to obesity, while excessive, intense exercise in women may cause ovulation problems.
- Environment: Exposure to pesticides, heavy metals, and chemicals can reduce fertility, especially in men.
- Stress: High stress can lower sex drive, and in severe cases, affect ovulation and sperm production.
What Happens During a Medical Fertility Evaluation?
A fertility evaluation is a comprehensive process designed to determine why conception may be challenging. Here’s what usually happens:- History Review: Your doctor will ask about both partners’ medical, sexual, and reproductive history.
- Physical Exams: Basic health checks are conducted to identify signs that may impact fertility and overall health.
- Tests for Men: A semen analysis is performed to assess sperm count, movement, and structure. In some cases, genetic factors may also be considered.
- Tests for Women: Doctors use blood tests, ultrasounds, or home ovulation kits to check if ovulation is occurring. Even women with regular periods may face ovulation issues.
- Additional Imaging: Ultrasound or other scans may be recommended to evaluate reproductive organs.
How is a fertility problem treated?
The treatment for fertility issues depends on the underlying cause and the patient’s overall health. Typically, infertility treatments include:- Medicines
- Surgical procedures
- Assisted conception, such as intrauterine insemination (IUI) or in vitro fertilisation (IVF)
Important Note
Infertility is not a stigma. It is a medical condition that can affect anyone. Delaying proper care or relying blindly on unverified herbal remedies may waste valuable time. If you are facing difficulty conceiving, consult a gynecologist or fertility specialist at the earliest. Early evaluation and the right treatment can make a significant difference in your journey to parenthood.Conclusion
Seeking medical guidance at the right time helps maximise the chances of pregnancy. Fertility specialists offer personalised evaluations and treatments tailored to each individual’s needs. Early intervention not only improves medical outcomes but also provides essential emotional support throughout the fertility journey.Whether you’re trying to conceive or navigating IVF, you’re not alone. Join our supportive communities to connect, share, and find strength with others on the same journey.
FAQs on How Soon Should You Seek Medical Guidance if Facing Difficulty in Trying to Conceive?
- Can lifestyle changes improve fertility naturally?
Yes, maintaining a healthy weight, following a balanced diet, reducing stress, and avoiding smoking/alcohol can improve fertility in many cases. - When should men get tested for fertility issues?
Men should consider getting tested for fertility issues if they have been trying to conceive for 12 months without success. Testing may also be recommended sooner if they have known reproductive health concerns, such as previous surgeries, infections, hormone imbalances, or sexual dysfunction. Early evaluation helps identify treatable causes and guide appropriate care.
