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Spinal Anaesthesia
Spinal anaesthesia is the most frequently used method for C-sections. A single injection of anaesthetic medication is delivered into the fluid surrounding the spinal cord in the lower back. Nerves below the waist are quickly and completely numbed, producing rapid pain relief within a few minutes.Benefits:
- Works very quickly, so it is useful for both planned and emergency C-sections.
- The mother stays awake and can see her baby being born.
- Very little medicine reaches the baby, so the baby is less affected.
- It can sometimes cause a sudden drop in blood pressure, which may make the mother feel dizzy.
- Rarely, it can cause a headache or some itching after birth.
- The effect cannot be topped up if the surgery takes longer than expected.
Epidural Anaesthesia
An epidural is often used for pain relief during labour, but it can also be used for C-sections. A small tube is placed in the lower back, which gives a steady flow of medicine during the surgery and even for some time after.Benefits:
- Works more slowly than a spinal, but the medicine can be adjusted or topped up if needed.
- Gives strong pain relief for both labour and C-sections.
- The mother stays awake and can enjoy the birth with her baby and family.
- Takes a little longer to set up, so not always best in emergencies.
- In rare cases, it may not fully block the pain, and extra medicine or even general anaesthesia might be needed.
General Anaesthesia
General anaesthesia is only used when a spinal or epidural is not possible, or when the situation is an extreme emergency. Under the effect of general anaesthesia, the mother is fully asleep, with a breathing tube placed for surgery.Benefits:
- Works very quickly, making it ideal in urgent or life-threatening cases.
- No pain or awareness during the operation.
The mother is asleep, so she cannot see or hold her baby straight away.
Slightly higher risks, such as heavier bleeding, breathing problems, and a longer recovery.
Some medicines can reach the baby, which may make the newborn a little drowsy at first.
Follow these Recovery Tips for New Moms After a C-Section Birth for a safer postpartum journey.
Spinal Vs Epidural Vs General Anaesthesia
| Feature | Spinal Anaesthesia | Epidural Anaesthesia | General Anaesthesia |
| How fast does it work | Works in minutes | Slower, about 10–20 minutes | Works straight away |
| Is Mum awake? | Yes | Yes | No |
| Effect on the baby | Very little effect | Very little effect | Baby may feel a bit sleepy |
| Can it be adjusted? | No, once given, it can’t be topped up | Yes, medicine can be added if needed | Not needed |
| When it’s used | Mostly planned or urgent C-sections | During labour and some C-sections | In emergencies only |
| Main risks | Drop in blood pressure, headache | A drop in blood pressure may not fully work | Aspiration, longer recovery |
How Doctors Decide Which Anaesthesia to Use
The type of anaesthesia to be administered during C-section depends on many things, such as:- Whether the C-section is planned or an emergency.
- The mother’s overall health, medical history, or body structure.
- The baby’s condition and how quickly delivery is needed.
- The mother’s past experiences and personal preferences.
What to Expect: Before, During, and After Anaesthesia
- Before surgery: The anaesthetist will talk to the mother about her health, explain the risks, and answer questions.
- During the C-section: The mother’s heart rate, blood pressure, and breathing are closely checked. The medical team provides support throughout.
- After delivery: Pain relief is managed with medicines. With spinal or epidural anaesthesia, mothers can usually hold and bond with their baby straight away. With general anaesthesia, bonding happens after the mother wakes up.
Takeaway
Choosing the right anaesthesia for C-section delivery is a shared decision based on safety, speed, and comfort. Spinal and epidural options let most mothers be present for their baby’s first moments. Open conversations with doctors and anaesthetists can empower parents-to-be to face delivery day confidently, knowing what to expect and why certain choices are made.Whether you’re pregnant, a new mom, or navigating postpartum, you don’t have to do it alone. Join our support group to connect, share, and support one another.
FAQs on C-Section Anaesthesia Explained: Spinal, Epidural, and General
- How soon can mothers breastfeed after surgery?
Mothers can usually start breastfeeding soon after surgery. With spinal or epidural anaesthesia, it’s often possible once they feel comfortable. - Will my partner be allowed in the operating room during C-section?
In most C-sections done with spinal or epidural anaesthesia, partners are usually allowed in the operating room since the mother is awake and can share the experience. However, if general anaesthesia is needed, partners are not allowed inside, as the mother will be fully asleep and the surgical team needs a more controlled environment. - What will I feel during a C-section with spinal or epidural anaesthesia?
With spinal or epidural anaesthesia, you won’t feel sharp pain, but you may notice some pressure, pulling, or movement while your baby is being delivered. - How soon can I eat or drink after receiving C-section anaesthesia?
After a C-section, you’ll usually start with small sips of water a few hours after surgery, once you are fully awake and your swallowing reflex is back. Light foods are often introduced gradually, depending on how your stomach and intestines recover from the anaesthesia. Most mothers can return to a normal diet within 12–24 hours, but your care team will guide you based on your recovery. - Can pain return soon after anaesthesia wears off?
Yes, some pain may return as the numbness fades. However, doctors manage this with oral painkillers or through a drip, so mothers stay as comfortable as possible.