In this article:
Common Reasons for a Caesarean Section
A caesarean section is usually suggested when a safe vaginal delivery isn’t possible or may put you or your baby at risk. Some common reasons for a caesarean include:Maternal reasons
- Previous C-section delivery
- Pelvic deformity making vaginal delivery difficult
- Certain infections that could pass to the baby
- Medical conditions that increase risks during labour
Foetal reasons
- Baby in an abnormal position (like breech or transverse)
- Umbilical cord complications
- Signs of foetal distress during pregnancy or labour
- Suspected larger-than-average baby size
Uterine or anatomical reasons
- Abnormal placental attachment
- History of uterine surgeries
- Presence of an obstructive mass in the birth canal
Risks and Complications of C-section for Mothers
Various risks and complications of C-section for mothers include:Infection
You may develop an infection at the incision site, inside the uterus, or in nearby organs such as the bladder. Symptoms can include fever, abnormal vaginal discharge, redness, or swelling around the wound. Antibiotics are usually given to reduce this risk.
Excessive Bleeding
Since a C-section is a major surgery, you are likely to lose more blood compared to vaginal birth. In some cases, this may lead to anaemia or require a blood transfusion or further medical treatment.
Organ Injury
Rarely, nearby organs like the bladder or bowel can be injured during surgery. Such injuries may need additional surgical repair or extended treatment after birth.
Adhesions and Scar Tissue
Scar tissue can form inside the pelvic region after surgery. These adhesions may cause pain, blockages, or complications in future pregnancies, such as issues with the placenta.
Extended Hospital Stay and Recovery
You may need to stay in the hospital for several days after surgery and take longer to recover at home. Recovery time may sometimes affect your ability to move easily or bond comfortably with your baby.
Medication Reactions
Some women may experience side effects from anaesthesia or pain-relieving medicines. These reactions can include nausea, drowsiness, or, in rare cases, more serious complications.
Emotional Impact
If your birth didn’t go as planned, you might feel upset or disappointed. Some mothers report difficulty bonding with their baby initially after a caesarean, though this usually improves over time.
Here are some myths about C-sections that we bust.
Risks and Complications for Babies
Various risks and complications that may happen to babies born through C-section include:Breathing Difficulties
Babies born through caesarean, especially before labour starts, may have temporary breathing problems. They may need close monitoring and supportive care until their breathing stabilises.
Premature Birth
If your due date was miscalculated, your baby might be delivered earlier than expected. This can lead to low birth weight or other early birth challenges.
Low APGAR Scores
Some babies may have lower scores immediately after birth. This can be linked to anaesthesia effects, foetal distress before delivery, or reduced stimulation compared to vaginal birth.
Minor Injury
Occasionally, babies may experience minor cuts or scratches during the incision. These injuries are usually mild, heal quickly, and rarely cause long-term concerns.
Risks for Future Pregnancies
A caesarean section can sometimes influence your future pregnancies:- You may have a higher chance of needing another caesarean.
- In rare cases, the uterine scar may pose risks such as tearing during a future pregnancy.
- The placenta may attach abnormally in later pregnancies, which can make delivery more complex.
When to Seek Medical Help After a C-Section
It’s important to contact your doctor if you notice:- Increasing pain that doesn’t improve with medication
- Redness, swelling, or pus around the incision
- A burning sensation while urinating
- Difficulty when urinating
- Heavy bleeding or foul-smelling vaginal discharge
- Shortness of breath, chest pain, or leg swelling
- Any signs that your wound is opening or infected
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FAQs on Surgical Risks and Complications During C-Section Procedures
- How do I know if my C-section wound is infected?
Watch out for signs and symptoms like increasing pain and burning at the incision site, redness, swelling, pus-like discharge, or fever. Contact your doctor immediately if you notice any of these after a C-section. - Are blood clots common after a C-section?
Although rare, blood clots can form after a C-section. Early movement after delivery, wearing compression stockings, and hydration can reduce the risk of blood clots. - Can I have a vaginal birth after a C-section (VBAC)?
Yes, many women can have a safe vaginal birth after a C-section. However, having a vaginal birth after a C-section depends on various factors such as the type of uterine incision and medical history.