In this article:
What is Amniotic Fluid and Why Does It Matter?
Amniotic fluid is the clear liquid that surrounds your baby in the womb. It starts forming very early in pregnancy and usually grows until about week 36. This fluid keeps your baby safe, cushioned, and comfortable while giving them space to move and develop. There is roughly a litre of amniotic fluid around your baby by the time you are almost ready to deliver. And it's doing a lot more than just sitting there:- Soft cushion: It's like a small, soft pillow that keeps your infant safe from bumps and rapid movements.
- Room to move: Your baby has a lot of room to kick, stretch, and wiggle, which helps them develop stronger every day.
- Safety of the cord: The fluid protects the umbilical cord, allowing oxygen and nutrients to flow freely without any issues.
- Breathing practice: The fluid lets your baby "practice breathing", which gets their little lungs ready for the real world.
Why Do Doctors Keep An Eye On It?
Doctors keep an eye on amniotic fluid because it tells them how your baby is doing. Sometimes, having too little or too much can indicate a problem. Your doctor can intervene early if needed, provided you keep track of your symptoms. This will help keep you and your baby safe and healthy.How Do Doctors Check Amniotic Fluid Levels?
The most common method for checking fluid levels is through an ultrasound scan. Two main methods are used:Amniotic Fluid Index (AFI):
Your uterus is divided into four sections, and the fluid is measured in each and then added up.- Normal AFI: 8–18 cm
- Low AFI (Oligohydramnios): Less than 5 cm
- High AFI (Polyhydramnios): More than 24 cm
Maximum Vertical Pocket (MVP):
The largest pocket of fluid is measured.- Normal: 2–8 cm
- Low: Less than 2 cm
- High: More than 8 cm
What Does Low Amniotic Fluid Mean?
Low amniotic fluid (oligohydramnios) can occur if:- Your water breaks early
- The placenta isn’t working properly
- You go past your due date
- Your baby has kidney or urinary issues
Risks of Low Fluid:
- Restricted baby growth
- Higher chances of delivery complications
- Stress on your baby due to cord compression
What You Can Do:
- Drink plenty of water daily
- Follow your doctor’s advice about rest or medications
- Never skip scheduled scans and check-ups
What Does High Amniotic Fluid Mean?
High amniotic fluid (polyhydramnios) is less common, but still needs attention. It may be linked to:- Maternal diabetes
- Baby’s swallowing difficulties
- Twin or multiple pregnancies
Risks of High Fluid:
- Preterm labour
- Complications during birth
- The umbilical cord slips out before the baby
What You Can Do: If you have diabetes, try to keep your blood sugar steady; it helps both you and your baby. However, if you experience any unusual stomachache or breathing issues, please contact your doctor immediately. Your doctor is there for you and your baby, so trust their guidance every step of the way.
Do Amniotic Fluid Levels Stay the Same During Pregnancy?
No, your fluid levels naturally change as pregnancy progresses. Typically:
- They increase until around 32–36 weeks
- Stay steady for a short time
- Slowly decreases after 38 weeks
What Signs Should You Watch For?
Because you cannot check your amniotic fluid at home, you should contact your doctor if you notice any of the following:- Your baby is moving less or seems weaker than usual
- Swelling around your face, legs, or hands
- A sudden increase in the size of your belly
- A quick gush or steady trickle of fluid
How Do Doctors Manage Abnormal Fluid Levels?
If your amniotic fluid levels aren't exactly right, don't worry. Your doctor knows how to deal with it safely.For Low Fluid:
- IV fluids or treatment to keep you hydrated
- Amnioinfusion (adding fluid to the sac during labour)
- Non-stress testing keeps a close eye on everything
For a lot of fluid:
- There are drugs to help you get rid of extra fluid
- Monitor blood sugar levels strictly
- Removing some fluid if necessary
Overview of Risks For Amniotic Fluid Levels
Risk Of High Amniotic Fluid
Risk to Mother
Overstretching of the uterus can cause premature labour, leading to early deliveryPremature rupture of membrane (leaking of Amniotic fluid)
Placental detachment from the uterus following sudden leaking (placental abruption)
Maternal symptoms- Shortness of breath and abdominal pain due to overstretching
Postpartum haemorrhage
Risk to Foetus
- Foetal malposition
- Umbilical cord prolapse
- High AF levels can sometimes be linked to birth defects
- Risk of stillbirth
Risk Of Low Amniotic Fluid
Risk to the pregnancy
- Preterm birth
- Miscarriage or pregnancy loss
- Operative delivery
Risk to Foetus
- Deformities due to a lack of space for movement and development
- Underdeveloped lungs
- Intrauterine growth restriction
- Difficulty breathing after delivery
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FAQs on Why Doctors Check Amniotic Fluid Levels During Pregnancy
- Can drinking more water really increase amniotic fluid levels?
Yes, drinking enough water helps replenish your fluid levels, especially if they are only slightly low. However, it is essential to follow your doctor's advice for your own health. - How often will my doctor check my amniotic fluid levels?
It depends on your pregnancy. In low-risk cases, it may be checked only during routine ultrasounds. If there are concerns, your doctor may recommend more frequent monitoring. - Does low or high amniotic fluid always mean a C-section?
Not all the time. A lot of women with fluid imbalances have normal vaginal births. Your overall health, the baby's health, and the progress of your pregnancy will all play a role in your decision.
