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What is Gestational Diabetes and Why Does It Occur?
GD might sound scary, but it simply means your blood sugar levels are higher than usual during pregnancy. It simply means that your body is not able to make enough insulin to meet the increased needs of pregnancy. This can cause higher-than-normal blood sugar levels.While the diagnosis may feel overwhelming, it’s important to know that many people experience this during pregnancy, and with the right care and monitoring, most go on to have healthy pregnancies and babies. The key lies in early screening, simple lifestyle changes, and regular medical guidance.
Why Screening for GD is Important
Your body goes through many hormonal changes during pregnancy. Sometimes, these changes can interfere with the way insulin works, making it harder for your body to regulate sugar levels. If left untreated, gestational diabetes may lead to complications like:- High birth weight
- Preterm birth
- Preeclampsia
- Low blood sugar in the newborn
- Increased risk of stillbirth in rare cases
Who Might Need Early Screening?
Doctors usually recommend glucose screening between the 24th and 28th week of pregnancy. However, if there are risk factors present, you may be screened earlier. These include:- A Body Mass Index (BMI) over 30
- Age above 35 years
- A family history of diabetes
- Having had GD in a previous pregnancy
- PCOS (Polycystic Ovary Syndrome)
- Previous baby weighing more than 4 kg
- High blood pressure
- Sugar found in urine during a routine check
Types of Glucose Screening Tests
There are two types of tests that help doctors assess and confirm GD:1. Glucose Challenge Test (GCT)
A convenient, non-fasting screening designed to fit seamlessly into your prenatal care routine. You’ll be given a sweet glucose drink, and your blood will be tested after one hour. If the result is high, your doctor may recommend a second test for a clear diagnosis.2. Glucose Tolerance Test (GTT)
This test is more detailed and requires fasting. Blood is taken before and at intervals after drinking a glucose solution. It gives a clearer picture of how your body is handling sugar. You may need to prepare for this test by consuming a certain amount of carbohydrates in the days leading up to it. Your healthcare provider will guide you.Is the Test Safe?
Yes. These tests are completely safe for you and your baby. Drinking the glucose solution may feel a little uncomfortable; some people experience mild nausea, dizziness, or sweating, but these effects are usually short-lived and not harmful.What Do the Results Mean?
Your doctor will help you interpret your results. Typically:- A glucose level under 140 mg/dL after the initial test is considered normal.
- If it's above 140 mg/dL, the GTT is performed for confirmation.
For the GTT:
- Fasting glucose should be under 95 mg/dL
- After 1 hour: under 180 mg/dL
- After 2 hours: under 155 mg/dL
- After 3 hours: under 140 mg/dL
What Happens If You’re Diagnosed with GD?
Being diagnosed with gestational diabetes can feel like a lot. But remember, many manage it effectively with just a few changes. You’ll likely be advised on:1. Diet and Nutrition
- Focus on a balanced diet: like roti, brown rice, dal, sabzi.
- Avoid sugary drinks and refined carbs.
- A dietitian can help create a plan that suits your needs, preferences, and energy requirements during pregnancy.
2. Physical Activity
- Daily movement helps regulate blood sugar.
- Engaging in light physical activity, such as a 20–30 minute walk, can be beneficial.
- Prenatal yoga and swimming are also recommended, with your doctor’s approval.
3. Monitoring Blood Sugar
- You may need to check your sugar levels at home, usually before meals and after eating.
- Your doctor will explain how and when to do this.
4. Medications
- If lifestyle changes alone don’t work, your doctor may suggest medications or insulin.
- You can feel good about using these, they’re pregnancy-safe and designed to support both your well-being and your baby’s.
5. Baby’s Monitoring
- Your baby’s growth and health will be monitored with more frequent ultrasounds or tests.
- This helps plan the safest possible delivery timeline and method.
FAQs on What is Gestational Diabetes? A Beginner’s Guide for Expecting Parents
- At what stage of pregnancy is glucose or insulin testing typically performed?
Between 24 to 28 weeks, or earlier if there are risk factors. - Is the glucose drink harmful to the baby?
No, it is completely safe for the baby and helps doctors get an accurate picture of your health. - Will I need insulin if I’m diagnosed?Not necessarily. Many manage with diet and exercise alone. Insulin is prescribed only when needed.
