In this article:
Let's look at how gum disease occurs, why it could affect your baby, and what you can do to stay healthy.
What Is Gum Disease?
Gum disease is an infection caused by bacteria that damages the tissues that support your teeth. Gum disease typically begins with a buildup of plaque on your teeth. If plaque is not removed through regular brushing and flossing, it can harden to form tartar, which can lead to inflammation.There are two main stages:
- Gingivitis: This is the first stage, characterised by red, swollen, and bleeding gums that may occur when brushing or flossing. At this stage, the damage is often reversible with good hygiene practices.
- Periodontitis: The more dangerous condition that can result from untreated gingivitis is periodontitis. The tissues and bones that support the teeth may get infected. In periodontitis, the gums may recede, leading to loose teeth and potential tooth loss.
Hormonal changes occurring during pregnancy can make your gums more sensitive and possibly increase the risk of inflammation. Therefore, many women observe extra gum bleeding or swelling while pregnant.
How Gum Disease May Affect Your Baby's Birth Weight
The term low birth weight means that your baby has been delivered weighing less than 2.5 kg (5 lb. 8 oz.) at birth. Low birth weight may also increase your baby's chances of health problems, such as breathing problems, infection, and delayed development.But how do your gums impact your baby's weight?
In cases of gum disease, oral bacteria may find their way into your bloodstream via the gums' inflammatory tissue. These bacteria can also travel to the uterus and trigger an inflammatory response in this tissue. The inflammation caused by gum disease can lead to your body producing certain chemicals, such as prostaglandins, that can either induce early labour or limit your baby's growth while in the womb.
Signs of Gum Disease to Watch For
When you are pregnant, the response of your gums to plaque may be exaggerated. This can make it more difficult to distinguish between normal changes that occur during pregnancy and gum disease. The following warning indicators could point to an issue:- Red or swollen gums
- Gums that bleed when you brush or floss
- Bad breath that does not go away
- Loose teeth
- Receding gums
- A bad taste in your mouth
Taking Care of Your Gums During Pregnancy
Good oral care is one of the simplest ways you can help lower the risk of low birth weight due to gum disease. Below are a few simple yet powerful actions you must take:1. Brush twice a day: Use a soft-bristled toothbrush and fluoride toothpaste to brush your teeth for at least two minutes twice a day, in the morning and at night. Be gentle, especially if your gums are sore.
2. Floss daily: Flossing removes food particles and plaque between your teeth that your brush cannot reach. Doing this every day helps prevent gum problems.
3. Visit the dentist: Inform your dentist that you are pregnant so they can provide care that is safe for both you and your baby. The majority of standard dental operations, such as cleanings, are safe to have while pregnant. The second trimester is usually the best time for dental visits.
4. Eat a healthy diet: Consuming foods rich in vitamins and minerals supports your immune system and promotes healthy gums. Avoid excessive sugar intake, as it can increase plaque and promote the growth of bacteria in your mouth.
5. Avoid smoking: If you smoke, consider quitting. Smoking can impair the development of your unborn child and increase your risk of gum infections.
When to See a Doctor or Dentist
If you are pregnant and notice any signs of gum disease, do not wait for your next check-up. See your dentist or talk to your doctor as soon as possible. Treating gum disease early can reduce the risk of complications.If your doctor finds that your baby is not growing as expected, they may also investigate other potential causes, including infections. Let them know if you have had recent gum problems so they can take that into account.
Although your mouth may seem far away from your womb, they are more related than you realise. Caring for your gums is not only about preventing cavities or bad breath, but it can also be a key factor in keeping your baby healthy and maintaining their birth weight.
The positive news is that gum disease is generally preventable and treatable. By brushing, flossing, following healthy habits, and visiting the dentist regularly, you can reduce the risks associated with gum disease during pregnancy.
Taking care of your oral health is another way to give your baby a healthy start in life.
FAQs on How Gum Disease Can Affect Your Baby’s Birth Weight
- Can gum disease affect my baby's birth weight?
Gum disease may allow bacteria to enter the bloodstream, potentially causing inflammation throughout the body. Inflammation could interrupt your baby's growth in the womb and may lead to low birth weight or early delivery. - Is dental treatment safe during pregnancy?
The majority of dental procedures are safe during pregnancy, particularly in the second trimester. In general, cleanings, fillings, and treating gum infections are safe and may help protect your baby.
