Types of Ayurvedic Practices in Pregnancy: Abhyanga, Garbh Sanskar, Rasayanas, and the Sattvic Diet

Rooted in balance and gentle nourishment, Ayurveda practices aim to support both mother and baby through physical stability, emotional calm, and healthy growth. When used with medical guidance, these practices can complement modern prenatal care, connecting ancient wisdom with today’s evidence-based understanding.

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The Ayurvedic View of Pregnancy

Pregnancy, in Ayurveda, is seen as a time when Vata dosha (the energy governing movement and change) naturally increases. This leads to heightened sensitivity in the body and mind. Gentle, grounding rituals become important to balance this energy, support digestion, stabilise emotions, and nourish both mother and child.
Unlike Western prenatal care, which focuses mainly on the physical body, Ayurvedic pregnancy care integrates daily routine (dinacharya), diet, emotional health, and sensory input, believing all of these influence foetal development. These traditions are still practised across India, often alongside medical antenatal check-ups.

Abhyanga: Daily Oil Massage for Balance and Stability

In Ayurveda, abhyanga is the act of massaging warm oil over the body in slow, rhythmic strokes. For pregnant women, it’s believed to strengthen muscles, lubricate joints, calm nerves, and prepare the body for labour.

How it helps during pregnancy:
  • Reduces Vata imbalance: Pregnancy heightens restlessness, dryness, and insomnia, common signs of aggravated Vata. Sesame or coconut oil massages help counteract these.
  • Improves circulation and flexibility: Gentle oiling supports better blood flow and soft tissue elasticity, easing cramps and stiffness.
  • Supports sleep and mood: The touch and warmth promote oxytocin release, fostering calmness and better sleep.
  • Prepares skin and ligaments: Regular oiling keeps the abdomen and thighs supple, which may help reduce stretch marks and tension.
When and how to practise:
Most Ayurvedic practitioners recommend starting light abhyanga from the second trimester, using warm sesame, coconut, or medicated oils like Bala taila or Dhanwantharam taila under professional guidance. Self-massage or gentle strokes by a trained therapist are ideal, avoiding pressure on the abdomen, lower back, or sensitive areas.

It was also found that prenatal massage may reduce cortisol levels and anxiety in expectant mothers. However, experts advise avoiding deep tissue techniques or essential oils unless approved by a doctor.

Garbh Sanskar: Emotional and Sensory Nourishment for the Foetus

Garbh sanskar literally means “education of the womb.” It’s based on the idea that a baby’s mind begins forming in utero, and that maternal emotions, sounds, and surroundings subtly shape development.
Core practices include:
  • Listening to soothing music or mantras such as Gayatri mantra or classical ragas.
  • Reading or reciting positive literature, prayers, or scriptures.
  • Engaging in mindful activities like gentle yoga, meditation, or nature walks.
  • Maintaining peaceful relationships and environments, avoiding conflict or stress.
Modern science supports part of this philosophy:
  • Studies show that foetuses respond to sound from the 23rd–25th week, and repeated auditory exposure can influence postnatal preferences.
  • Maternal stress hormones like cortisol are known to cross the placenta, affecting foetal brain development.
Thus, Garbh Sanskar may not just be spiritual. It’s an early emotional and sensory conditioning practice that aligns with neuroscientific findings on foetal learning.

In India, many hospitals now integrate Garbh Sanskar programs, combining meditation, music therapy, and prenatal counselling for holistic care.

Rasayanas: Rejuvenating Tonics for Strength and Immunity

The word Rasayana means “path of essence,” herbal and dietary rejuvenation therapies that enhance vitality, immunity, and tissue nourishment (ojas). During pregnancy, these are used to nourish the mother and support foetal growth.

Commonly recommended Rasayanas:
  • Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera): Helps improve strength, reduce fatigue, and calm anxiety, though doses must be supervised.
  • Shatavari (Asparagus racemosus): Traditionally prescribed for reproductive and lactation support.
  • Amalaki (Indian Gooseberry): A rich source of vitamin C and antioxidants for immune health.
  • Ghee and milk: Considered ojas-enhancing foods for endurance and foetal nourishment.
Scientific insights:
  • Animal and human studies suggest Shatavari supports uterine tone and lactation through phytoestrogenic activity.
  • Ashwagandha may reduce cortisol and improve sleep quality, but should be used cautiously during pregnancy as evidence in human pregnancies is limited.
Caution: Not all herbs are safe during pregnancy. The ICMR and WHO recommend consulting an obstetrician before taking any herbal supplement, as certain preparations may affect hormone balance or uterine contractions. Always avoid self-medication, especially in the first trimester.

The Sattvic Diet: Eating for Calm, Digestion, and Foetal Health

Ayurveda divides foods into sattvic (pure), rajasic (stimulating), and tamasic (dulling). Pregnancy requires a sattvic diet of foods that are light, fresh, and nourishing for both the body and mind.

Typical sattvic foods include:
  • Warm milk, ghee, rice, wheat, lentils, fresh fruits, and seasonal vegetables
  • Mild spices like turmeric, cumin, coriander, and cardamom
  • Avoiding excess salt, sour, fried, and fermented foods
Benefits of a sattvic approach:
  • Promotes balanced digestion (agni), which is central to nutrient absorption and foetal nourishment
  • Prevents acidity and bloating, common in pregnancy
  • Encourages emotional stability and positive mood
  • Reduces risk of gestational constipation and fatigue
A plant-forward diet rich in fibre, micronutrients, and probiotics is associated with lower rates of gestational diabetes and preeclampsia. Indian studies have linked traditional vegetarian diets with better iron and folate status when combined with ghee or dairy for fat-soluble vitamin absorption.

Integrating Ayurveda with Modern Prenatal Care

Ayurveda’s strength lies in prevention and balance, not replacement of medical treatment. Modern obstetricians often encourage these gentle practices when:
  • Oils and massages are clean and pressure-free
  • Diets are balanced, hygienic, and medically appropriate
  • Herbal supplements are reviewed for safety
Women with high-risk pregnancies (e.g., hypertension, diabetes, preterm history) should consult both their obstetrician and an Ayurvedic physician before incorporating Rasayanas or external therapies. In India, several integrative clinics now follow the “Ayur-Obstetric” model: combining ultrasound monitoring with Ayurvedic nutrition and relaxation techniques.

These practices are more than wellness routines. They are acts of bonding, mindfulness, and self-respect. In many Indian households, elders still perform these rituals as collective care: oiling the mother’s feet, reciting hymns, or preparing milk with herbs. When guided safely, these can foster intergenerational connection while keeping maternal well-being at the centre.

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FAQs on Types of Ayurvedic Practices in Pregnancy and How They Support Mother and Child

  1. Is it safe to do Abhyanga throughout pregnancy?
    Yes, but use gentle pressure and safe oils. Avoid strong massage or aromatherapy oils unless approved by your doctor.
  2. Can I take Ayurvedic herbs like Ashwagandha or Shatavari while pregnant?
    Only under supervision. Some herbs may interact with medications or affect uterine tone, so consult both your obstetrician and an Ayurvedic practitioner.
  3. Does Garbh Sanskar really influence the baby?
    While not scientifically measurable in spiritual terms, studies confirm that maternal emotions, music, and environment affect foetal neurological and emotional development.
  4. What foods should I avoid if following a Sattvic diet during pregnancy?
    Avoid extremely spicy, fried, or fermented foods, as well as unpasteurised dairy. Focus on clean, home-cooked, lightly spiced meals.
Disclaimer: Approved by Priyanka Kapoor, Psychotherapist, Psychologist, Sex Therapist, Couple and Family Counsellor, Mumbai