Because of this gap, abdominal organs such as the stomach, intestines, liver, or spleen can shift into the chest cavity. This puts pressure on the lungs, affecting their growth and ability to function after birth.
In this article:
Symptoms of Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia
The signs of CDH are often visible soon after delivery. You may notice some or all of these symptoms:- Breathing difficulties: The baby may struggle to take normal breaths.
- Rapid breathing: Short, fast breaths may be noticeable.
- Bluish skin colour: Caused by low oxygen levels.
- Small chest with a protruding abdomen: Because organs move upwards into the chest cavity.
- Shifted heart sounds: The heart may appear to be positioned more towards the right side.
Risks Associated with Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia
CDH is a serious condition and comes with several risks. These include both immediate concerns after birth and longer-term health challenges.- Underdeveloped lungs (Pulmonary Hypoplasia): The lungs may be smaller, leading to breathing difficulties.
- High blood pressure in the lungs (Pulmonary Hypertension): This increases strain on the heart.
- Problems with feeding and digestion: The abnormal positioning of organs can affect the digestive system.
- Growth and developmental delays: Oxygen shortage may impact growth and brain development.
- Recurring respiratory infections: Individuals with weaker lungs may be more susceptible to infections.
Diagnosis of CDH
CDH can usually be identified during pregnancy through an ultrasound. In some cases, advanced imaging, such as foetal MRI, is used to measure lung size and determine the extent of the hernia. After birth, diagnosis is confirmed using:- Chest X-rays to see the position of organs.
- Blood tests to check oxygen levels.
- Echocardiograms to monitor heart function and lung pressure.
Treatment Options for Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia
Treatment depends on the severity of the condition and the baby’s overall health. While CDH is a complex condition, modern medical advances have significantly improved outcomes.1. Stabilisation after Birth
- Immediately after birth, the baby is usually placed on assisted breathing support.
- A breathing tube (ventilator) may be used to ensure oxygen supply.
- Medications are often given to manage lung pressure and stabilise blood flow.
- Once stabilised, surgery is planned to close the hole in the diaphragm.
- The surgeon moves abdominal organs back into place and repairs the opening using stitches or a surgical patch.
- The timing of surgery depends on the baby’s stability. In some cases, it is done within a few days, while in others, doctors wait until the baby is strong enough to undergo the procedure.
After surgery, the baby may still need:
- Oxygen support for weak lungs.
- Feeding support through tubes if digestion is affected.
- Regular monitoring of growth, breathing, and development.
Life After Treatment
Recovering from CDH is not always a quick process. You may need to follow up regularly with doctors to ensure the baby’s lungs, heart, and digestive system are functioning properly.Long-term care may include:
- Pulmonary check-ups: To track progress in breathing.
- Nutritional support: For healthy weight gain and digestion.
- Physiotherapy: To improve lung strength and physical development.
- Special education or therapy: In cases of developmental delays.
Emotional and Family Support
Dealing with CDH can feel overwhelming. It is important to remember that support is available:- Seek guidance from medical professionals and support groups.
- Share your concerns openly with your healthcare team.
Key Points to Remember
- CDH is a birth condition caused by improper diaphragm development.
- Symptoms mainly involve breathing difficulties and abnormal chest structure.
- Risks include underdeveloped lungs, high lung pressure, and growth delays.
- Treatment involves stabilisation, surgery, and long-term care.
- Early detection, medical planning, and family support improve outcomes.
Remember, while CDH can feel daunting, modern medicine and consistent care offer hope. Every step you take towards awareness and support brings strength to both you and your child.
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FAQs on Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia Explained: Symptoms, Risks, Diagnosis, and Treatment
- Can CDH be prevented during pregnancy?
No, CDH cannot be prevented as it develops during foetal growth. However, early detection through scans allows timely medical planning. - Is CDH hereditary?
In most cases, CDH occurs without a family history of the condition. Rarely, it may be associated with certain genetic conditions. Genetic counselling may be suggested if required. - What is the survival rate of CDH in India?
Survival rates vary depending on severity, lung development, and access to specialised care. With advanced treatment in major centres, outcomes have improved. - Will a baby with CDH always need surgery?
Yes, surgery is usually necessary to repair the diaphragm. However, the timing depends on the baby’s stability and overall health - Can a child with CDH live a normal life?
Yes, many children grow up to live healthy lives. Regular medical follow-ups, therapies, and supportive care play an important role in long-term recovery.