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Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease in Toddlers: What Parents Should Know

ByDr. Furqan Aamer
Updated: 28 Aug 2026, 3:00 pm
Medically Reviewed by Dr. Vivek Jain, Senior Director & Unit Head – Paediatrics, Fortis Hospital

Fever, mouth ulcers, and a rash on the palms and soles: Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease is one of the most common viral infections in toddlers, especially during the monsoon months. Learn the early signs, home care, and warning signs that need a doctor's attention.

Pregatips
Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease (HFMD) is a common contagious viral infection caused by enteroviruses, most often Coxsackievirus A16, affecting children under five years old. It spreads easily among toddlers in nursery or preschool settings, especially during the monsoon and early winter months. Symptoms usually begin three to six days after exposure, starting with fever and appetite loss, followed within a day or two by painful mouth ulcers and a rash on the palms, soles, and sometimes the buttocks or knees. Most cases are mild and clear up on their own within seven to ten days without specific treatment.
In this article:

Causes of Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease in Children

HFMD is caused by a group of viruses called enteroviruses, most commonly Coxsackievirus A16 and, less often, Enterovirus 71.

The virus spreads through droplets from coughing or sneezing, contact with fluid from blisters, and contact with an infected child's stool.

Toddlers frequently touch shared toys and surfaces that may be contaminated and then put their hands in their mouths, which makes nurseries and play areas common sites of transmission.

Early Signs of Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease

HFMD symptoms may appear in stages; the first signs may not immediately point to the infection. A toddler may initially have:

  • Fever
  • Poor appetite
  • Sore throat
  • A general sense of unease
  • Irritability
  • Increased drooling
One to two days later, painful sores, red spots, or small blisters may develop inside the mouth, often on the tongue, gums, and inner cheeks, which can make eating and drinking difficult.

A rash follows on the palms of the hands and soles of the feet, and sometimes on the knees, elbows, or buttocks. The rash may look flat or raised, and can turn into small blisters, though it is usually not itchy.

Mouth sores can make swallowing painful, causing a toddler to refuse drinks. Fewer wet nappies, a dry mouth, no tears when crying, or unusual sleepiness may indicate dehydration and need prompt medical assessment.


Treatment of Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease

There is no specific antiviral treatment for HFMD. Care focuses on managing symptoms until the virus clears on its own. The main goals are to control discomfort and prevent dehydration:

  • Offer cold or soft foods such as curd, kheer, or buttermilk, since mouth sores make chewing painful
  • Avoid spicy, salty, or citrus foods that can sting the ulcers
  • Keep offering fluids in small sips throughout the day to prevent dehydration
  • Continue breastfeeding if the child is breastfed
  • Ask your paediatrician about the appropriate fever or pain medicine and dose for your child's age and weight.
  • Keep the child's fingernails short and avoid scratching or breaking blisters.

When Should You See a Doctor?

Most children with HFMD recover without serious problems, but medical advice is important if your toddler is not drinking enough or shows signs of dehydration.

Seek medical care if your child:

  • Is younger than six months old
  • Has a weakened immune system
  • Shows signs of dehydration such as dry lips, fewer wet nappies, or no tears while crying
  • Has persisting fever beyond three days
  • Has severe mouth pain that stops the child from drinking fluids
Rarely, the virus can lead to viral meningitis. Persistent vomiting, neck stiffness, or unusual drowsiness should be treated as an emergency.

Prevention of the Spread of Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease

Since HFMD is highly contagious, hygiene is extremely crucial for limiting its spread.

  • Wash hands frequently with soap and water, especially after nappy changes, before meals, and after toilet use.
  • Clean and disinfect frequently touched surfaces, toys, and doorknobs.
  • Avoid sharing cups, spoons, towels, and other personal items.
  • Keep your child away from close contact with others while they are unwell.
Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease is uncomfortable but rarely serious, and most toddlers recover fully within ten days with simple home care and attentive hygiene.

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FAQs on Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease in Toddlers: What Parents Should Know

  1. Can adults catch hand, foot, and mouth disease from their toddler?
    Yes, though it is less common. Adults, especially parents in close contact with an infected child, can develop mild symptoms or none at all while still being contagious.
  2. How long is a child contagious with HFMD?
    A child is most contagious during the first week of illness, but the virus can remain in stool for weeks after symptoms disappear.
  3. Is there a vaccine for hand, foot, and mouth disease in India?
    Currently, there is no vaccine available in India. Prevention relies on hand hygiene, disinfecting surfaces, and limiting contact with infected children.
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