Low Vaginal Swab vs High Vaginal Swab: What's the Difference?

A vaginal swab test is generally recommended to investigate vaginal infections and other causes behind unusual discharge, itching, and irritation. Depending on the site, there are two types of vaginal swabs: high-vaginal and low-vaginal. Our experts explain how a low vaginal swab and a high vaginal swab differ.

Pregatips
Not all vaginal infections can be detected with a single vaginal swab test. The type of swab your doctor recommends depends on the site of the suspected infection, your symptoms, the nature of your vaginal discharge, and your medical history. Low vaginal swab (LVS) and high vaginal swab (HVS) are the two most commonly used tests. Although they might sound similar, both these tests are meant for different purposes.
The sample is taken from different parts of the vagina for each test. It helps diagnose specific conditions.

Knowing the difference between these two tests helps you know what to expect when your doctor recommends one of them.


What Is a Low Vaginal Swab?

In the low vaginal swab (LVS) test, the sample is collected from the lower part of the vagina (usually near the vaginal opening).

It is commonly used to:

  • Assess mild vaginal irritation or itching
  • Investigate unusual discharge
  • Screen for common vaginal infections
  • Evaluate vaginal health during pregnancy, when indicated
The sample is collected using a sterile swab. In most cases, a speculum is not needed.

What Is High Vaginal Swab Testing?

In a high vaginal swab (HVS), the sample is collected from the upper part of the vagina (usually close to the cervix).

Your doctor may recommend it if you have:

A high vaginal swab is usually collected with the help of a speculum to obtain a sample from deeper inside the vagina.

Difference Between These Tests

The following are the key differences between these two similar-looking tests:

Point of Difference
LVS
HVS
Sample collected from
Lower vagina
Upper vagina, near the cervix
Speculum required
Usually no
Usually yes
Common reason
Mild irritation or screening
Persistent discharge or suspected infection
Helps detect
Screens for common vaginal infections
Helps identify bacteria, yeast, and other organisms causing infection
Duration
About 1–2 minutes
About 2–5 minutes

Is a Low Vaginal Swab Needed If a High Vaginal Swab Is Done?

In some situations, both tests may be recommended for a clearer diagnosis.

Circumstance
Recommended test
Mild irritation around the vaginal opening
Low vaginal swab (LVS)
Persistent discharge or suspected internal infection
High vaginal swab (HVS)
Symptoms affecting different areas or an uncertain diagnosis
Both LVS and HVS may be recommended
Neither test is better than the other. Each serves a different purpose, and your doctor will choose the most appropriate test based on your symptoms.

What To Expect During the Test?

Before the test

  • Avoid sexual intercourse for 24 hours, if possible.
  • Do not use vaginal creams or medicines unless advised by your doctor.
  • Tell your doctor if you are taking antibiotics or antifungal medicines.
  • Fasting is not required.
During the test

LVS
HVS
A sterile swab is gently rubbed inside the lower vagina.
A speculum is inserted before the sample is collected.
Usually causes little discomfort.
You may feel mild pressure for a few seconds.
Takes about 1–2 minutes.
May take a few minutes.

How Does Vaginal Swab Testing Help in Maintaining Your Reproductive Health?

A vaginal swab test is not for fertility assessment. However, it can identify infections that may affect reproductive health if left untreated.

These include:

  • Bacterial vaginosis
  • Vaginal yeast infections (Candida)
  • Trichomoniasis (in some cases)
  • Group B Streptococcus during pregnancy
  • Other bacterial infections
If your doctor suspects a sexually transmitted infection (STI), they may recommend additional tests, such as a nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT), because a routine vaginal swab cannot diagnose every STI.

Choosing the appropriate vaginal swab helps ensure an accurate diagnosis and timely management of infections that may affect your vaginal and reproductive health.

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FAQs on Low Vaginal Swab vs High Vaginal Swab: What's the Difference?

  1. Does a low or high vaginal swab hurt?
    Most people experience little or no pain. A high vaginal swab may feel slightly more uncomfortable because it usually involves a speculum, but the procedure is quick.
  2. Can I have a vaginal swab during pregnancy?
    Yes. When medically indicated, both low and high vaginal swabs are generally safe during pregnancy and can help diagnose infections that may require treatment.
  3. How long do vaginal swab results take?
    Results are usually available within 2–7 days, depending on the type of test and the laboratory processing the sample.
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