The good news is that most sexually transmitted diseases can be diagnosed early and treated safely. With the right information and quick and proper treatment, you can stay away from any complications during pregnancy.
We spoke to Dr Khushboo Saxena, Senior Consultant, Obs & Gynae, ShardaCare-HealthCity, to understand this better and get you verified information.
Common STIs Seen in Pregnancy
Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are infections transmitted through sexual activity. Being aware of the common types helps you be more cautious.Chlamydia
It is a bacterial infection that is asymptomatic, yet it affects the uterus and the urinary tract and increases the chances of preterm births. After birth, it can cause eye or lung infections in the baby.
Gonorrhoea
Gonorrhoea is a bacterial infection that infects the reproductive system, throat, or anus. If untreated, it may create dangers during pregnancy and cause serious eye infections after birth.
Syphilis
Syphilis is a bacterial infection that develops in stages and goes unnoticed for some time. It can be transferred to the fetus during pregnancy and cause miscarriage, stillbirth, or other serious issues.
Genital Herpes
Genital herpes is a viral disease due to the herpes simplex virus, leading to painful sores or blisters, or serious newborn complications like blindness, deafness, seizures, meningitis, damage to organs like lungs, liver, or heart, or sometimes permanent disability, or even death. Transmission may occur during delivery if active sores are present.
HIV
HIV is a viral disease compromising the body's immune response. This can be transmitted to the baby during pregnancy, birth, or breastfeeding.
Hepatitis B
Hepatitis B is a viral disease affecting the liver and spread via contaminated body fluids. This would occur during birth, but prompt vaccination gives protection to the baby.
HPV
HPV (human papillomavirus) is a viral disease during pregnancy that usually does not harm the baby, but it can be linked to complications like premature rupture of membranes, miscarriage, and low birth weight.
Trichomonas
This is an infection caused by a tiny parasite called trichomonas vaginalis. It spreads through sexual contact and raises the risk of premature birth, premature rupture of membranes, and low birth weight.
“Untreated STIs can be risky for both mother and baby, leading to complications like miscarriage, early rupture of membranes, preterm birth, low birth weight, stillbirth, and infections after delivery.”
- Dr Khushboo Saxena, Senior Consultant, Obs & Gynae, ShardaCare-HealthCity
Screening and Diagnosis During Pregnancy
Dr Khushboo Saxena recommends pregnant women undergo STI testing at their first prenatal appointments and also in the third trimester, especially before 36 weeks, if there are risk factors like a recent STI or a new or multiple sexual partners.Among the key tests that can be conducted are:
- Blood analysis for diseases like HIV, syphilis and hepatitis B
- Urine tests or taking a sample from the vagina (swab test) to determine the presence of chlamydia or gonorrhoea
- Follow-up testing aimed at confirming the effectiveness of the treatment as far as the above-stated diseases are concerned
Safe Treatment Options During Pregnancy
According to NCBI, treatment can involve using the following medications:- Antibiotics for treating infections such as chlamydia or gonorrhoea
- Antiviral medications for treating herpes
- Antiretroviral therapy for the treatment of HIV to prevent transmission to others
- Preventive treatment for the infant after birth if necessary
How to Prevent STIs During Pregnancy
Dr Khusboo Saxena suggests the following preventive tips to lower your risk of STIs during pregnancy:- Getting tested for STIs early in the pregnancy
- Making sure that your partner is tested and treated if necessary
- Following your doctor’s recommendations and using protection
- Keeping a relationship monogamous
- Attending all prenatal checkups on time
When to Seek Immediate Medical Care
Some symptoms should be treated as emergencies while pregnant. Timely intervention can avert complications.Get medical assistance immediately if you experience:
- Severe abdominal pain
- Fever accompanied by unusual vaginal discharge
- Bleeding or spotting from the vagina
- Painful rashes or sudden flares
- Decreased fetal movement during late pregnancy
Maintain control over your health by becoming actively involved and learning more about STIs. You should not forget regular checkups and STI testing. By taking precautions, you will secure a successful delivery for yourself and your baby.
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FAQs on STIs in Pregnancy: What Every Woman Should Know
- Can I have a healthy baby if I have an STI during pregnancy?
Yes, many women with STIs can still have healthy babies. Early screening, correct treatment, and regular prenatal checkups help lower risks. Following your doctor's advice and completing treatment on time is key to protecting both you and your baby. - Can STIs affect breastfeeding after delivery?
Some STIs do not affect breastfeeding, but others may require precautions or temporary avoidance. It depends on the infection and treatment. Always consult your doctor to ensure safe feeding practices and protect your baby's health. - Can STIs be passed to the baby during pregnancy?
Yes, some STIs can pass to the baby during pregnancy, labour, or delivery. Early screening and proper treatment can greatly reduce this risk and help protect the baby's health and development.