When Should Pregnant Women Be Tested for Parasitic Infections?

During pregnancy, if you have certain signs and a travel history that point to a possible parasitic infection, your doctor may recommend tests to confirm or rule out the infection. You might be advised to have tests if you develop persistent diarrhoea after possible exposure to contaminated food or water.

Pregatips
Parasitic infection during pregnancy requires prompt diagnosis and timely treatment. However, screening tests for all parasitic infections are not part of routine antenatal care. If you exhibit symptoms or have a relevant travel history to areas with a high risk of parasitic infections, your doctor may recommend tests to determine whether a parasitic infection could be causing your symptoms.
We spoke to Dr Lipi Sharma, Consultant in Obstetrics and Gynaecology atShardaCare-HealthCity, about when pregnant women may need testing for parasitic infections.

She said that the screening tests for parasitic infections are not part of routine pregnancy care. These tests are prescribed only if needed after considering the patient’s symptoms and stay in endemic areas.


When Should You Get Tested for a Parasitic Infection During Pregnancy?

You may need testing if you have symptoms or a possible exposure.

As per Dr Lipi Sharma, doctors may consider testing if you have the following:

  • Persistent diarrhoea
  • Unexplained anaemia
  • Eosinophilia, or a high eosinophil count
  • Travel to an endemic area (places where there is a high risk of getting certain parasitic infections)
  • Possible intake of contaminated food or water
  • Close contact with someone who has an infection
  • Symptoms that continue or do not have an obvious cause
Your doctor will consider these factors along with your pregnancy history and symptoms. If there is no clear reason to suspect an infection, your doctor may not prescribe such tests.

Fever After Travelling? What It May Indicate

Fever during pregnancy needs immediate medical attention, particularly after travel to a malaria-endemic area.

Dr Lipi mentioned that specific infections like malaria require immediate testing if a pregnant woman has a fever after travel to a malaria-endemic region.

Malaria can be more serious during pregnancy. It may also increase the risk of anaemia and pregnancy complications.

When Is Toxoplasmosis Testing Needed During Pregnancy?

Toxoplasmosis is caused by the parasite Toxoplasma gondii. You can be exposed through the following sources:

  • Undercooked meat
  • Contaminated soil
  • Contact with cat faeces containing the parasite
However, exposure does not always mean that you have the infection.

According to Dr Lipi Sharma, your doctor may recommend targeted testing if there is

  • A known or suspected exposure
  • Symptoms that suggest an infection, such as
    • Mild fever
    • Swollen lymph nodes, especially around the neck
    • Headache
    • Muscle aches
    • Tiredness
    • Sore throat
(In some cases, there are no noticeable symptoms, while some may exhibit mild, flu-like symptoms.)
  • Ultrasound findings that raise concern about possible fetal infection
In such cases, your doctor may recommend testing because toxoplasmosis during pregnancy can sometimes pass to the developing baby. This may cause serious complications to the baby.

How Can You Reduce Your Risk of Parasitic Infections?

You can take a few simple precautions during pregnancy to reduce your risk of exposure to Toxoplasma gondii. These are:

  • Cook meat thoroughly
  • Avoid eating raw or undercooked meat
  • Always wash fruits and vegetables properly before eating
  • Wash your hands after handling raw meat
  • Do not drink untreated water
  • Avoid food from sources where hygiene is uncertain
  • Take care when handling soil and cat litter

When Should You Contact Your Obstetrician?

You should contact your obstetrician if you develop the following symptoms that could point towards a parasitic infection:

  • Persistent diarrhoea
  • Unexplained fever
  • Severe weakness
  • Unexplained anaemia
  • Symptoms after consuming potentially contaminated food or water
  • Symptoms after travel to an endemic area
  • Known contact with an infected person
  • A possible exposure to Toxoplasma gondii
Dr Lipi Sharma also advises pregnant women to consult their obstetrician promptly if symptoms develop. Your doctor can then decide whether testing is needed. They can also choose the appropriate test based on your symptoms and possible exposure.

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FAQs on When Should Pregnant Women Be Tested for Parasitic Infections?

  1. Are pregnant women routinely tested for parasitic infections?
    No. Routine testing for every parasitic infection is not recommended. Your doctor may suggest testing when you have symptoms, risk factors, a relevant exposure, or a travel history.
  2. Should you be tested for malaria if you develop fever during pregnancy?
    You should seek prompt medical evaluation if you develop a fever and have recently travelled to or live in a malaria-endemic area.
  3. Does eating undercooked meat mean you have toxoplasmosis?
    No. Undercooked meat can expose you to Toxoplasma gondii, but exposure does not confirm an infection. However, consult your doctor if you are worried about getting infected.
Medically Reviewed By:
Dr Lipi Sharma, Consultant in Obstetrics and Gynaecology at ShardaCare-HealthCity