In this article:
We spoke to Dr Vinatha Puli, Senior Consultant – Gynaecologist and Obstetrician at Cloudnine Group of Hospitals, Hyderabad, about the causes of repeated early miscarriages and how couples can prepare for future pregnancies.
What Causes Repeated Early Miscarriages?
The factors responsible for repeated early miscarriages may include:1. Chromosomal abnormalities
One of the most frequent causes of early miscarriage is a chromosomal abnormality in the developing embryo. These abnormalities often occur by chance and can interfere with normal development. Their likelihood increases with maternal age.
According to Dr Vinatha Puli, these chromosomal changes usually do not mean that either partner has an underlying health problem. They are often beyond a couple's control, so experiencing a miscarriage is not something you should blame yourself for.
2. Uterine abnormalities
Certain differences in the shape or structure of the uterus may contribute to pregnancy loss. These include a uterine septum, some fibroids and adhesions inside the uterus. Their significance depends on the type, size and location of the abnormality.
3. Hormonal and metabolic conditions
The following are certain conditions that may influence pregnancy outcomes:
- Thyroid disorders
- Poorly controlled diabetes
- Certain other hormonal or metabolic imbalances
4. Antiphospholipid syndrome
Antiphospholipid syndrome is an autoimmune condition. It may increase the risk of pregnancy complications, including repeated miscarriage.
5. Genetic factors
In some cases, a parent may also carry a chromosomal rearrangement that increases the likelihood of an embryo having an abnormal chromosome pattern.
However, the cause is not always identified, even after appropriate investigations.
What Tests May Be Needed After Repeated Miscarriages?
If you have experienced two or more pregnancy losses, consult a gynaecologist or fertility specialist to discuss an individualised evaluation.Investigations should be guided by your pregnancy history and clinical findings rather than relying on indiscriminate testing. Depending on your circumstances, your doctor may recommend:
- Pregnancy and medical history: Reviewing previous losses, pregnancy outcomes, menstrual patterns, existing health conditions and family history.
- Uterine imaging: An ultrasound or another appropriate imaging test to assess the structure of your uterus.
- Blood tests: Testing for antiphospholipid syndrome, thyroid disorders or diabetes when indicated.
- Genetic testing: Testing pregnancy tissue or the chromosomes of either partner in selected circumstances.
Can You Prevent Another Miscarriage?
Not all miscarriages can be prevented, particularly those caused by chromosomal abnormalities that occur by chance. However, treatment may help when an underlying condition is identified.Your care plan may include
- Managing thyroid disorders or diabetes
- Receiving appropriate treatment for antiphospholipid syndrome
- Reviewing medicines before conception
- Attending recommended appointments during a subsequent pregnancy
Dr Vinatha Puli emphasises the importance of an individualised plan, as treatment depends on the underlying findings. Some conditions have specific treatments, while other situations may require supportive care and monitoring during a subsequent pregnancy.
FAQs on Why Do Some Women Have Repeated Early Miscarriages? Doctor Explains
- How many miscarriages are considered recurrent pregnancy loss?
Recurrent pregnancy loss is commonly defined as two or more pregnancy losses, although definitions and investigation protocols vary between guidelines. - Does having repeated miscarriages mean I cannot have a baby?
No. Many couples who experience recurrent pregnancy loss eventually have a successful pregnancy. - Can stress or physical activity cause repeated miscarriages?
Everyday activities such as walking, working and moderate exercise generally do not cause early miscarriage.