For pregnant women, the timing of the infection is important. Most cases are mild, but illness occurring shortly before delivery may need closer attention. If you develop symptoms or have been exposed, knowing the right precautions can help protect your health and reduce the chance of passing the infection to your baby.
We spoke with Dr Priyanka Sharma, Senior Consultant – Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Cocoon Hospital, Jaipur, to understand more about hand, foot and mouth disease during pregnancy.
What Is Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease?
Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) is an infection caused by a group of viruses called enteroviruses. It is more common in children under five, but older children and adults can also develop it. The infection usually lasts about 7–10 days and often gets better without specific treatment.
How Does Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease Spread?
HFMD spreads through close contact with an infected person.You may catch it through:
- Coughing or sneezing droplets
- Saliva or nasal discharge
- Fluid from blisters
- Contact with infected stool
- Touching contaminated toys or surfaces
What Are the Symptoms of HFMD During Pregnancy?
HFMD may look different in adults, and some people may have only a few symptoms.Common signs include:
- Fever
- Sore throat
- Tiredness or weakness
- Headache
- Painful mouth ulcers
- Red spots or blisters on the hands and feet
- Rash on the buttocks, legs, or arms
- Reduced appetite due to mouth pain
- Mild body aches
Is Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease Dangerous During Pregnancy?
According to Dr Priyanka Sharma, Senior Consultant – Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Cocoon Hospital, Jaipur,“In most cases, HFMD does not pose any problem to pregnant women. However, infection occurring at the time of birth should be a concern due to the potential for passing the virus from the mother to the baby.”
There is currently no clear evidence that HFMD during pregnancy increases the risk of miscarriage, stillbirth, or birth defects. However, because the available research is limited, pregnant women who develop HFMD should inform their doctor, particularly if the infection occurs near delivery.
Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease During Pregnancy: What About Delivery?
If you have HFMD when you are close to your due date, let your maternity team know. They can decide whether you or your baby need any additional monitoring after birth. Follow their advice about hygiene and contact with your baby while you are recovering.If you have HFMD close to delivery, your maternity team may:
- Ask about when your symptoms started
- Check your overall health and symptoms
- Advise you on precautions before delivery
- Decide whether any additional monitoring is needed
- Guide you on what to do if symptoms continue when labour begins
How Is HFMD Diagnosed During Pregnancy?
Doctors usually diagnose HFMD by examining your symptoms and looking for typical signs.Your doctor may check for:
- Checking the mouth for sores or ulcers
- Examining the skin for red spots or blisters
- Asking about recent exposure to someone with HFMD
- Reviewing your symptoms and when they started
- Taking a throat or stool sample if the diagnosis is uncertain
How Is Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease Treated During Pregnancy?
HFMD usually gets better on its own, so treatment focuses on relieving symptoms and keeping you hydrated. According to the CDC, antibiotics do not work because HFMD is caused by a virus.Treatment may include:
- Drink plenty of fluids to prevent dehydration
- Choose soft or cool foods if mouth sores hurt
- Use a mouthwash or spray to ease mouth pain, if recommended
- Take medicine for fever or pain only after asking your doctor
- Get enough rest while recovering
How Can Pregnant Women Prevent HFMD?
Dr Priyanka Sharma recommends maintaining good hygiene and avoiding close contact with infected people as important steps to reduce the risk of HFMD during pregnancy.These include:
- Wash your hands often with soap and water
- Wash hands after using the toilet
- Avoid close contact with someone who has HFMD
- Do not share cups, utensils, or towels
- Clean and disinfect frequently touched surfaces at home
- Avoid touching your eyes, nose, and mouth with unwashed hands
When Should You Contact a Doctor?
You should also seek medical advice if:- You develop a high fever
- You cannot drink enough fluids because of mouth sores
- You notice signs of dehydration
- Your symptoms are getting worse
- You develop HFMD close to your due date
- You notice any concerning change in your baby's movements
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FAQs on Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease During Pregnancy: Symptoms, Risks & What to Do
- Can I go to work if I have HFMD while pregnant?
It is better to limit close contact while you are contagious. Follow your doctor’s advice about when to return to work. - Can HFMD cause itching during pregnancy?
The rash may sometimes feel itchy or uncomfortable. Avoid scratching the affected areas to reduce skin irritation. - Can I develop HFMD without a rash?
Yes. Some people may have mild or unusual symptoms and may not develop the typical rash.
